Tumgik
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
Tumblr media
 who am I…? What am I? What am I for? These questions are as old as human history. These relate to success. And these questions are as important as the man himself! Every serious person in the world has tried to find the answers to these questions.
A collection of thoughts, ideas, and experiences about one’s self is called self-knowledge. All human beings have to discover their inner world except for a few selected entities in the world. He has to realize his strengths and weaknesses. He has to know his natural abilities. The sooner he starts this journey of search, the sooner he will be able to reach his destination.
Man is endowed with these rewards by nature for the correct realization of his caste and self-knowledge.
Self-confidence
In the journey of self-discovery, when a person realizes his own virtues, his self-confidence increases many times over. A spirit of self-respect is created in him. For example, when a speaker comes on stage for the first time. There is a state of uncertainty in him and if he succeeds in making a good speech, it gives him the confidence that he can make a good speech.
This is an example given that self-confidence is not possible without self-knowledge. Another great reward of self-knowledge is that one gains confidence in one’s abilities and one’s nature.
Happiness and contentment
In the neighboring country’s famous film “Three Edits”, a photographer tells his father that of course I will earn less in this work, but it will be calm because it is my passion.
Self-knowledge creates a state of happiness and peace in a person. All the secrets of a happy life so far.
 The biggest secret that has been discovered is that a person should take up a job or a profession in life in which he finds true happiness. He should do it in the name of understanding but in a fun way.
Freedom from intellectual slavery
Edison is the only scientist in the world with 1249 inventions.
One of the bulbs we know of, he made more than ten thousand attempts to make a bulb. He said in one sentence: “He who knows his talent cannot be a slave to anyone, nor can he.” Tolerates someone’s slavery. ”Slaves or employees are always people who do not know their abilities or do not have a sense of self. Self-knowledge frees a person from the intellectual slavery of others.
Achieving the purpose of life for success
The next reward a person gets in his journey of discovery is to achieve the purpose of life. A person who realizes his true self does not stay away from his purpose. Someone asked Sheikh Saadi how old are you? He said, “Four years.” He said, “Your hair has turned white.” He replied, “I have been conscious for four years.”
“If one finds the consciousness of one’s self, then a life which has no direction finds direction.
Passion at work for success
When a person finds his own work, a work that is in harmony with his psyche and nature. That work does not seem a burden to him. The results of a twenty-year study show that 97% of people in the world do their work as a burden. Are
The reason for this is that the work is not their passion or hobby. If a person finds out his passion, then he thinks it is not his work but worship. Because he tries to do it happily.
Success
A man was born in the subcontinent who went to Europe to study business but returned home with a law degree.
Later he stepped into politics and became a leader. The world came to know him as “Quaid-e-Azam” because he had found his way. And finally, he succeeded in his field. Success has a lot to do with it. It is up to you to choose your correct field.
 Nature has made it obligatory for a man to learn to play in his field. He must find his right path to success. It is not possible to have a button, you press it and you recognize yourself. Because Allah has said that you try and the path will open.
Also read:
Self improvement and Environment 
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Text
‏"عندما كنت أصغر سنًا، لم يكن الموت جزءًا من تصوراتي، كان خارج تصديقي، كنت أعتقد أنه بعيد، وأنه يصيب الآخرين ولا يصيبني. الآن أشعر بأنه قريب وموجود في حياتي وأن دائرة حصاره صارت أضيق، وكلما مات عزيزٌ علي ودعتُ جزءًا مني، وزاد يقيني بأن الحياة ما هي إلاّ سباحة للوصول إلى الموت"
282 notes · View notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
In fact, our little things or choices in everyday life can have a greater effect on our mood than we can imagine. For example, the mental effects of stress have been the reason for this.
Scientists in the current developed period have not only declared germs as the enemy of human health, but they say that sometimes humans become enemies themselves.
According to a recent study, 50% of American citizens face moderate stress. But know that not all stress is harmful and it can also help you become more aware of your surroundings and more focused.
That is, in some cases stress can help you to do more by strengthening you.
Every year on October 10, World Mental Health Day is celebrated and it is important to know how and to what extent mental stress can have a positive or negative effect on the body as well as the brain.
What causes mental stress?
Stress may be different for everyone, maybe the thing that makes you suffer is nothing for your friend.
But all of our bodies react to stress in the same way, because reacting to stress is your body’s way of dealing with a difficult or difficult situation.
It can cause changes in hormones, the respiratory system, blood vessels, and the nervous system, for example, stress can cause the heart to beat faster, shortness of breath, sweating, but it can also increase physical energy. Also provides a wave.
This is called the body’s fight or flight reaction and through this chemical reaction, the body prepares for the physical reaction because it feels like it is under attack.
Similar tensions helped human ancestors to move forward in difficult situations.
Good mental stress
Many times you find yourself feeling stressed for a while, usually without having to worry. For example, when you have to work on a project or speak in front of people, you may feel a rumbling in your stomach and sweat on your palms.
It is considered positive stress that lasts for a very short time and is a means of helping the body go through difficult situations.
Bad mental stress
But often negative emotions can be overwhelming, such as anxiety, anger, fear or irritability. Such stress is not good for you and can lead to serious problems in the long run.
As mentioned above, the effects of stress can vary from person to person, but many causes of stress can have negative effects such as abuse or insults from someone, overwork, loss of employment, marital problems.
 Separation from a spouse, death in the family, difficulties in educational institutions, family problems, engagements, and recent relocation, etc.
Long term mental stress
Leaving your mental stress on yourself for long periods of time can have devastating effects on your physical, mental and emotional health, especially when it becomes chronic. Awareness of the warning signs of chronic stress is needed to avoid it.
Physical mental effects of stress
Lack of physical energy
Headache
Chest pain and rapid heartbeat
Difficulty sleeping or getting too much sleep
Muscle discomfort or pressure
Tingling, ringing in the ears, feeling cold or sweating in the hands and feet
Dry mouth and difficulty swallowing
Digestive problems
High blood pressure
Changes in marital relations
Its mental symptoms are:
The feeling that you can’t do anything right
Moment by moment change of mood
Anxiety
Restless
Feeling lifeless
Sadness or depression
Acute stress
Sometimes it feels like you are experiencing too much stress, if you feel you can’t control it anymore then you should consider going to a specialist for help.
If you visit a doctor more often, talk to him or her so that he or she can help you determine if what you are experiencing is stress or if it is a mental disorder.
The doctor can also refer you to a mental health professional or suggest a name.
Symptoms of Acute stress
Anxiety or fear attacks
Be worried all the time
The feeling of constant pressure all the time
Drug use to deal with stress
Too much food
smoking
Depression
Regardless of family and friends
If your stress has reached such a level that you think of harming yourself or someone else, seek medical help immediately.
 This specific behavior of human beings provides a solid basis for many diseases today. Experts discovered pervasive diseases under specific reactions.
There have been investigations that excessive aggressive art and arrogant attitude increase the risk of heart disease several times. Heart diseases are more prone to those with this type of behavior, which is why doctors are now suggesting heart patients stay away from stress.
On the other hand, adjusting yourself to stress and making yourself accustomed to it at all times is not even rewarding. According to the American Cancer Institute, about 75 percent of women who continue to repress themselves and keep their emotions hidden from others are at the risk of being affected by tumors.
On the contrary, only women who openly express their feelings of anger and aggression have a higher proportion of cancer-responsive cells than first-class women.
Freedom is a link between independence and expression. It provides people with the opportunity to survive in the open, giving them the choice and the environment of choice.
Thanks to these, he finds a way to express his emotions lives a life free of troubles. Recent investigations have shown that people having multiple personality disorders may become ill with any aspect of their own personality.
You may have seen many people who deliberately commit crimes and then later regret their actions. Such people are always confused between yes or no and are never satisfied with any of their decision.
Also read: Dowry as a serious social issue
According to psychologists, the physical state of such people changes drastically when there are different personalities try to overcome them.
During this war of different personalities, a person goes through various situations, and as a result, his one personality dominates all others.
During the process of changing from one personality to another, amazing changes in one’s moods and habits occur. We usually call such behavior a mood travesty.
But in reality, these are the effects of a great mental revolution in which a person’s entire thinking changes, and even the slightest traces of the previous personality are not left.
This change of personality comes under the mental effects of stress.
When a person is dissatisfied with one aspect of his personality and then tries to take the other option and this adds to his mental distress and stress.
Individuals with different abilities are not the same in their internal state, they also have the same observing sense regarding the outside world.
According to the latest research released by experts, the eyes of every individual in the world are different. Their interior textures and gaze abilities also vary.
But people with personality are devoid of this problem and there is no difference in their eyes and maybe they see them all with one eye.
Therefore, it is very necessary to avoid mental stress. For this purpose, we need to make some good friends share our problems with them. Participating in outdoor activities can help a lot of suffering from mental stress.
Developing some good hobbies like gardening is also one of the best solutions to say goodbye to mental stress as greenery has tranquilizing effects on the human mind.
Faqs
What are the 4 signs of emotional suffering?
A person suffering from emotional stress completely changes his personality.
His hormonal balance is disturbed which causes anger, anxiety, agitation, etc. 
Isolation from the social life even such person isolate themselves at home from family members.
They are more attracted towards the harmful activities
They become extremely hopeless
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
 Today our society is becoming a hotbed of all kinds of evils. Due to which the eternal wealth of peace and tranquility, humanity, tolerance, mutual love, and brotherhood is being lost. One of the biggest challenges facing our society today is the “curse of dowry”. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the dowry meaning.
Dowry meaning 
By definition, The dowry given by the parents in the marriage of the daughter (on-demand or without demand) is called dowry.
Marriage practices in the subcontinent can be used to understand the dowry meaning. In Asian countries like Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh dowry meaning is taken as an integral part of marriage.
What is an example of a dowry?
Giving daily useable things to daughters at the time of marriage. For example bedding, utensils, chairs and other equipment, etc. It is a curse that we have been hearing since childhood but no one is ready to end this curse. It is also a bitter truth.
Thousands of sisters and daughters are left at home because their parents do not have the money to pay the dowry. The custom of giving dowry has been going on since ancient times.
 Dowry is given in different forms in each country and region but usually consists of jewelry, clothing, cash, and utensils for daily use. Among the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent, this ritual entered due to Hindu influences and took the form of a curse.
Also read: Jealousy as a social issue
Giving dowry is not a bad thing, parents give what they can to their daughter according to their status and ability and the same should be accepted by the boys.
Dowry is called a curse because most of the boys demanded regular dowry which is immoral, very inappropriate, and very bad.
Many families demand a car, motorcycle, or valuables from the girl in dowry, knowing that the girl’s financial status is weak and then the girl’s brother or father tries to meet the boy’s demand for the sake of the relationship.
How many houses have been demolished today to meet the demand for dowry? The birth of a girl is a sign of happiness in the light of Islamic teachings. This demand has turned it into misery.
 Dowry is rapidly dissolving the bones of our social life like a dangerous worm and fistula. Which we don’t even realize. The dowry ritual, which has brought with it an unstoppable storm of social destruction and devastation, has left the society of the Indo-Pak subcontinent in mourning.
The troubles that our society is facing today due to dowry are of various kinds as well as encompassing the most harmful aspects. Which we can divide into the following categories:
House destruction
If a girl brings more dowry than her status, her parents become so indebted that they ruin their peace of mind day and night to get rid of her.
If the dowry is not in accordance with the wishes of the boys, then the girl is subjected to undue violence and their lives are ruined by a barrage of sarcasm. If the girls are powerful, then an endless series of lawsuits begin.
Excess of seal
The society is now suffering from the curses of dowry. Because when the boys insist on bargaining for their dowry then at the time of marriage, the dowry is paid by the girl.
A hefty sum is ordered; Because the boy has lost opportunities due to his shamelessness and obscenity, the boy is forced to accept what is more than the boy and beyond his power.
Also read: Rumors as a social issue
 If a woman asks for dowry even by deception, then it is not good for her. She has to face her husband’s anger and resentment.
She has to deal with her mother-in-law, father-in-law, and other family members from above. She has to listen to Because at this time her demand raises the issue ego of the husband and his family.
Therefore, no woman wants to repeat this mistake by mistake. However, the dowry of a woman is a compulsory right over her husband, which is obligatory on her husband to pay.
 In some cases, the husband cannot divorce his wife due to excessive dowry, despite the disagreement between the spouses or the wife’s immorality and immorality, then the husband flutters like a captive bird and adopts the path of patience.
 If a reckless man is determined to get rid of such an immoral woman, then he spends all his efforts in paying this hefty amount of dowry, then the turn comes to poverty and need. The result is nothing but ruin.
Frequent divorce
Divorce is one of the most common forms of dowry in our society. Today, the principle of Islam is being openly mocked by divorcing in the lure of the abundance of dowry.
Islam has inevitably given a man the option of divorce, this does not mean that it should be used as a weapon to satisfy his illegitimate demands.
Genocide of girls by dowry
The ignorance and cruelty that Islam had abolished fourteen centuries ago today, the speed with which girls are being genocide in the womb in this advanced age, is a great shameful aspect of humanity.
Black market of girls
To get rid of the dowry wolf, many parents are forced to sell their livers and human wolves sacrifice them in the living room. Today’s newspapers are full of such incidents.
Death Trading 
The manner in which the innocent daughters of the nation are being harassed in the name of dowry today is a very shameful aspect of humanity.
In a certain place, the body was set on fire by pouring oil on it for the crime of bringing less dowry. This genocide of the daughters of the nation is gaining momentum, the law of the land is not becoming a cure for these innocents, nor are women’s rights organizations providing protection.
Deprivation of inheritance rights
In order to make the dowry money lawful, an excuse is made that what we are taking in dowry, the girl has so much right in her parents’ property. This is a very vain philosophy. Inheritance is distributed after death, not in life.
My advice to girls is not to get married where dowry is demanded, because people who look at cars, refrigerators, ACs do not value relationships and relationships are of no importance to such people. Make the relationship where you value, not your dowry.
Also read:   APPRECIATION-WE MUST APPRECIATE OTHERS
I am amazed that a father is giving his daughter a piece of his liver to someone who is the total universe of a father, yet people weigh it in things.
A father is handing over the precious wealth of his life to his daughter who will run your family in the future, but you still value cars, refrigerators, motorcycles, etc.? It is a pity for such people and only such people can be regretted.
If the curse of dowry is eradicated and marriages become cheaper, the faces of many young girls will be cleansed of countless fears and poor parents will be able to perform their duties easily, free from the shackles of these internal chains and outdated customs.
In human life, the upbringing, education, and training of children are not only the responsibility of the parents but also the duty. When children reach puberty, their parents start worrying about their marriage.
After a great struggle, the relationship is settled. Then the date of marriage is fixed. When this stage is completed, it comes to Barat and dowry.
 Which is nothing but a curse in human life? Due to which marriage of girls has become a problem today. The whole society is suffering from the ravages of this evil ritual. Marrying girls has become a burden for poor parents.
In the pre-Islamic era, girls were buried alive, today they are killed in the womb. In today’s world girls are more successful than boys.
Girls are seen scattering in every field. But still for poor parents, marrying daughters is nothing short of a jihad. “There is a river of fire and you have to drown.”
How many houses have been devastated by the dowry? People have either sold their houses, orchards, ornaments for their dowry. Even if it could not be done, they fulfill it with a loan.
However, girls need a lot of money to get married. Which has to be managed. Whatever it is. If they don’t, then sometimes we even see and hear that girls are left behind because of dowry.
These images of guilt and barbarism turn into glorious, moving corpses of pain. They want to say something to the contractor of society and religion, but who listens to their cry.
The burden of extravagance is imposed on the girls by the boys. Is this less than cruelty and excess, is it not to promote waste? This is to invite the wrath of Allah Almighty.
If there is a slight shortfall in meeting the demand for dowry and dowry, then sometimes the girls have to suffer the consequences. As a result, the girls in the in-laws have to suffer mental and physical torture which culminates in divorce, murder and burning alive. As seen and heard in newspapers and news channels every day.
Today, they are seen trading their sons in the lure of dowry. The higher the price, the better the relationship. It’s as if an animal, not a human, is being traded.
Not so much the degree to which a person is valued. They do not seem to have any confidence in their degree of ability. That’s why he keeps an eye on his father-in-law’s pocket.
Sometimes they don’t feel any pride in asking questions, so they are happy to bury themself and honor in the dust.
Therefore, while meeting the expenses of dowry in the marriage of their daughters, they have to satisfy and make the boys happy.
 That is why they have to display the dowry in the same way. In this way, the unholy plan of dowry and entertainment is temporarily satisfied. But this evil ritual is promoting this curse of dowry.
That is why the problems for those who cannot afford it are increasing day by day. Therefore, daughters are deprived of marriage. This is how the lives of parents and daughters become hell.
Today, marriage rituals and dowry have added to all these worries. We are all perpetrators. Capitalists in particular have exacerbated the problem.
According to Islamic law, it is urged to make marriage easy and divorce difficult, but today’s society is doing the opposite, we should try to follow the religious principles so that our society can be protected from these deadly diseases.
Dowry meaning in other parts of the world
The curse of dowry has not left any religion, any society, and any country. In every religion, in every society and in every country, this custom and custom is prevalent in one form or another.
Whose death has destroyed the lives of every special public? It is common to see and hear that the newlyweds are kicked out of the house due to non-receipt of dowry.
The limit is that if they are not satisfied with being tortured in any way, then in the end they are burnt.
It is generally observed that girls do not collect their dowry on their own, it is the responsibility of the parents, but this beating of dowry has scattered the minds of today’s girls that dowry is necessary for all circumstances.
 Therefore, his poem should be first. Therefore, girls spend every penny of their labor in the name of dowry to provide a dowry for themselves.
This problem is very serious, this problem can be solved legally, but apart from the law, social law can also be driven in this regard.
Greed is found in every religion, every society, every class. But its nature is different, money becomes the enemy of a brother for wealth.
 Then one can imagine how the dowry on the newlyweds from other houses will be ridiculed. As a result, it is easier to kill and burn the bride.
As a result, the bride’s parents are called beggars. Despite all the legal and social actions, oppression of dowry continues even today.
Those among the Muslims who are influential, pious, and have a national spirit will ultimately have to line up against the curse of this dowry, and especially the youth will have to make sacrifices in this way and stop the dowry eaters from being demanded.
So that many unmarried women do not become a burden on the weak shoulders of their parents, let us all change this concept of dowry meaning as prevail the happiness in society.
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
  Summary of depression in students
Depression in students has become a very serious issue. Family structure, economic condition, Generation Gap, Social media, exam failure, pressure from parents to get high grades are the main causes or signs of depression in students. Due to depression, students show less interest in the study, work, and other activities. Positive behave of parents, engagement with the motivated community, Food, time management, and exercise can help students to get relief from depression.
Depression in students-Why do Students get depressed?
Lets start with a short story of a young boy Kashif.
Until four years ago, Kashif was an intelligent student of O-Level. He was fully determined to go into the medical profession in the future. But Due to immense hard work and pressure from family members, he failed to secure admission in M.B.B.S.  As soon as his dream of becoming a doctor was shattered, he became very frustrated and disappointed, which resulted in depression.
But this is not just the story of a 20-year-old Kashif. Millions of other teens like him are also suffering from depression in colleges.
According to a research report released by Aga Khan University Karachi, Depression and Anxiety, The youngest victims are major numbers.
What is depression?
By definition, Depression is the name given to a specific condition in which the patient feels lonely, depressed, and unsuccessful. If not met and treated in time, the patient’s mental state begins to deteriorate, which is fatal to both his social and professional life.
Anxiety vs depression
Anxiety can be said to be the twin sister of depression. Depression portrays the patient as a failed human being. Stopping causes stagnation and this stagnation gradually hollows out the patient by licking his joys, dreams, relationships, and loves like a termite with his abilities.
Causes of depression in students
The days of youth are called the golden days of life. In this age, people’s spirits are young and their desire to do something grows. In this age of real life, determination and passion is on extreme level. If the aspirations are not fulfilled then this beautiful time of life can become the worst.
Is Depression In Students The Most Trending Thing Now?
Although depression has been reported in people of all ages, according to reports released by international organizations, the rate of the disease in young people aged 18 to 30 has been rising alarmingly since 2011. Why is it happening? There can be many other reasons for this, among which are the following reasons:
1. Inter-family marriage and genetics
Although we are living in the digital age of the 21st century today, there is no shortage of educated families in developing countries who are very strict on caste issues and are against marriage outside the family, such as forced marriages.
Husbands and wives rarely have mental harmony and their children suffer from stress or strain from the beginning as well as the home environment.
Such children have a much higher risk of mental illness after the age of 18. This is because they lack the ability to solve problems and self-confidence and they soon become depressed due to stress at university or later in the job. In such families chances of child abuse are also increased which is also a serious social issue.
2. Economic problems
Economic problems are also a major reason for the rapid rise in the rate of depression in students in developing countries. Challenges have increased in the obsession with population expansion and adoption of luxurious lifestyles in big cities.
In the obsession of surpassing each other by earning more and more in an illegitimate way, the distinction between good and evil is being forgotten, due to which not only the social system is in decline but also selfishness and self-interest are increasing in blood relations.
In such a situation, people with sensitive nature and heartache are increasingly suffering from mental illnesses because at every turn there is a sheep in the form of a human being sitting on it or snatching it, along with rising unemployment and senior people in the colleges.
3. Generation Gap
The milestones that man has made in the last four, five decades in the field of science and technology, especially in the field of artificial intelligence, have weighed heavily on the overall development of the last two centuries.
The revolution in our lives due to electronic devices and artificial intelligence is not hidden from us. But it can be seen that along with the benefits of this rapid development, severe disadvantages have also come to the fore and after the developed countries. Now the social and societal system in the developing and backward countries is also in rapid decline.
Today’s generation is living in a digital age that wants to pay for everything with a few punches on a click or mobile while parents still have old values ​​and traditions.
So the distance between parents and children has widened. So the parents are not willing to change themselves by looking at the tendencies of the children and do not want to accept the old ways and traditions of the children.
As a result, a rebellious or emotionless child is being born in every home whose only purpose in life is And only the satisfaction of your desires.
4. Social media
Social media has gripped our social life in its iron claws for the last one and a half decades. With the advent of smartphones, the use of social media has grown exponentially.
The purpose of creating Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and all other social networking sites was to bring together people from all over the world to promote world peace.
But our young generation took them as a ‘Pearl Life’, where Everyone is hiding their true identities, making a fact out of masked mysteries, which has increased the psychological and mental disorders in the new generation.
Because people are not ready to accept themselves with their flaws, hence their own and close relationships. Distances have increased and people at home are busy on smartphones instead of sitting and talking.
Excessive use of mobile phones is also having a negative effect on the brain. Decreased endurance has led to a rapid increase in the incidence of depression in students, but instead of getting rid of them, they are addicted to social media.
On the other hand, parents of the new generation also like to spend time on social media and mobile instead of fulfilling their responsibilities properly and paying attention to their children. Which can lead to depression and anxiety in the next generation. A red signal for serious psychological disorders.
Some other causes of depression, anxiety, depression, psychosis, stress, in Students
Not getting proper attention from family members.
Fighting between parents.
Exam failure.
Lack of resources.
Deprivation of friendship or love.
Unemployment.
For these reasons, many young people suffer from mental disorders as well as some physical ailments.
Role of parents to Avoid depression in students
It is important for parents to be friendly with all their children, especially young ones. In case of any failure, encourage them and avoid unjustified dates. Energy should be used in a full and positive way. Work honestly and diligently. Do not give up in case of any failure. Stay diligently in work. Addiction affects not only the youth but the whole family does.
Common signs of depression in students and their solution
Fall asleep while studying
Most students complain, “Whenever I open a book, it immediately becomes asleep.”
After a while, the whole body feels tired and immediately falls asleep. Thus, the book is left open. This irregular sleep comes when a person has no interest in this work.
Due to excessive eating or drinking something all the time, lack of exercise or even in some diseases, the person feels sluggish all the time and stays asleep.
Students who do not do their job regularly and start studying in a hurry on exam days have a major complaint because when a work is started without planning and irregularly, the mind is with the body. Doesn’t give so they are slow when they start work and fall asleep as soon as they start work or study.
Solution
Students who suffer from excessive sleepiness and sleep deprivation while studying should do the following.
Mind and body go hand in hand. Keeping the body healthy requires fresh air, proper rest, and regular exercise.
When the body is healthy then the mind will go along with it and if the work is done then the mind will give full support in it.
Working daily and on time can save you a lot of trouble. It is important to make regularity a way of life.
Some young people have a “study phobia” of whatever they want, which is called fear of reading. Whenever such a problem arises, sincerely ask Allah for help and clear your mind and start studying.
A golden rule is that when there are more anxiety and mental stress, do not put more burden on the mind, but leave yourself completely free. Rest for a while, go out and refresh your mind, and go to work.
Some students also use certain medications to wake them up, which can often have side effects.
Some students eat and drink a lot on exam days. Overeating causes physical lethargy.
On test days in particular and on normal days in general, the diet should be balanced. Avoid overly spicy and spicy foods.
Food should always be eaten with a little appetite.
lack of attention and focus
Students are often seen complaining about this. “Every time I start reading, my attention is distracted. In addition to reading, I keep coming up with ideas. I often remember forgotten things and thus the book is left open and Even after sitting for hours, I don’t remember anything from the book and I don’t understand anything? ”
In contrast, students who pay close attention to their studies not only memorize the subjects in a short period of time but also strengthen their grip on them and thus become successful.
The big difference between these two groups of students is the attention and focus. One does their work with full attention and focus. The other tries in vain to complete the work without attention and thus they have to face trouble.
Reasons for lack of attention and focus
Study or any other work, which is not interested, can not be successful.
The main reasons for not being interested in any work or study are as follows:
*Lack of interest in a particular subject.
*Irregular lifestyle.
*Lack of planning.
*Physical and mental disorders.
*Financial issues, etc.
Solution to how to get focused?
Full interest in work
Whenever there is work to be done, there must be full interest in it.
Equilibrate the mind. Before starting work, the body should be let loose and all the mental thoughts should be put aside and help should be sought from God. After that, work or study should be started. And as soon as you pay attention, things will start to go well.
The importance of regularit
Living life according to a set of rules and regulations often solves problems automatically.
People who work with a schedule are often successful.
Make your own decisions
The servant’s interest and mind remain in the work to be done by his own decision He stays focused on it with all his energy. Often young boys and girls have to do things that some people push them to do that do not get attention.
Even if it is important to consult with people close to you, it is better to make the decision yourself.
The importance of food
Eating disorders can lead to asthma and many other problems. Even if the body is not healthy, the mind does not work properly and a sick person cannot work with attention. Therefore, it is important to eat in moderation. Work should be done. Eat on an empty stomach and use simple and nutritious food.
The importance of exercise
Exercise is also very important to keep the body healthy. Along with a simple and complete diet, regular exercise is also important. It keeps the body as well as the mind fresh.
This is time to consider depression in students as a social issue as it is related to our world’s future.
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
 In a rapidly growing world, there is the worst lack of appreciation. Appreciation does not mean helping someone through money. Appreciation can even be in the form of a few supporting words.
Everyone faces a time in his life when circumstances push him towards hopelessness. In such a situation a single word of sympathy proves to be very motivational.
  Appreciation has no specific age restrictions. It is required by someone at every stage of life. But its effects remain always encouraging. Appreciation gives us a feeling of self-trust.
Whenever we become hopeless due to certain conditions appreciation fills us up with more energy and motivation. This energy can be used to further achieve our set goals.
Today I am going to share with you my personal life story which made me realize how good appreciation is for us and our society?
This is a matter of days when I was a tenth-grade student. In my neighborhood, lived a 50 years old man who by profession was a cobbler.
He was such a nice person, although I never liked him so much. My friend and I often used to go to his shop to repair broken shoes. The biggest reason I did not like him was his advice to everyone, including me.
He used to say,
‘Son, if you want to improve this society, then do not criticize bad things and bad deeds, but you must appreciate good things and good deeds.
It took me nine years to understand his advice. It was November 2017, when I returned home after completing my master’s in Chemistry.
One day, my brother invited me to go hunting with his friends, which I accepted. During the hunt, a friend of my brother Mr. Kashif joined me. During a conversation with him, he received a phone call from his wife.
He attended the call and started talking to his wife. This guy’s style of talking to his wife was so decent that I couldn’t resist praising him. After that, we all returned to homes.
The next morning when I woke up, the same person came to my house to meet me. He told me that I have been a good friend of your brother for ten years.
But in those ten years to date, no one has ever noticed what u did yesterday. And I have decided that I will always be kind to my wife.
That was the moment I understood the advice of that old man (cobbler).
Yes, this is the reality of our society that we always look for opportunities to criticize others. How good would it be if we appreciated the good qualities of each other instead of criticizing it?  I wish it would be so.
Appreciating someone’s work is indeed the way of great people.
Look at the admirable work of others with appreciation. Of course, a few words of your appreciation can give any person encouragement that he can become a successful person by mastering his work.
There is no reality of appreciation and of course, it is also important.  Because appreciation needs language and language is that thing. If it is sweet and good, then man’s position is high even before Allah Almighty.
The correct use of the tongue is a stepping stone to success in this world and in the hereafter. Therefore, the importance and power of appreciation cannot be denied. It is a sweet made from syrup that makes even a depressed heart happy.
Praise and types of people
There are three types of people living in this world. One is those who, in view of their motives and goals, applaud every good and bad thing and every deed.
In the second category, there are people who love appreciating someone sincerely and unselfishly.
In the third category, They are the so-called people who temporarily take over a place and then all of them look like ants.  They don’t praise anyone and don’t listen to them.
Undoubtedly, it is the style of great people to appreciate one’s greatness and good deeds by putting goals and objectives behind them.
There can be few reasons for not doing what is better for social norms such as being uneducated jealousy etc. But there are multiple factors for doing what is better for society such as peace, love, harmony, development, prosperity, etc.
It is also right that positive criticism is also important to focus on what is better for us. But criticism works best when you are working in a company and your boss wants more improvement. Even positive criticism can affect an individual’s performance badly.
Positive and negative appreciation
Consider a team of Mountaineer heading over a cliff and suddenly a team member points out one of his teammates not following the rules. This will only result in poor confidence.
This will never cause that team member to work more efficiently at all.
However, we can certainly expect a change in behavior. This clearly means that criticism is all about resting the direction and has nothing to do with the motivational approach which leads the people to put their efforts in a more efficient way.
On the other hand, appreciation not only decides the direction but also makes them determined enough to achieve what they always wanted. In a classroom, appreciation works more effectively than punishment or criticism. 
 Man has a natural desire to be praised, encouraged, and appreciated. Appreciation is just as essential to moving forward in life as gasoline is to a car. Two words of appreciation give a person the power to achieve something he never thought of before.
The Lord of the Universe Himself has praised many Companions on different occasions. The elders of the religion have always appreciated the good deeds of their followers.
Well-known psychologist William James analyzes that man has a natural desire to be praised, to be encouraged, and to be appreciated. People are more likely to do things that others appreciate.
 Appreciation makes a person behave well, restore their self-confidence, and improve their relationship with the praiser.
Very few people are so high-minded that they have the courage to applaud others. Don’t know why we find it detrimental to praise someone.
 One of the reasons for this may be jealousy, why someone went ahead of us, it is not digested by us. This kind of behavior is to our detriment.
It does not create a good impression of our personality in the hearts of the people. Avoid such behavior and create in yourself the spirit of encouraging others to do good deeds.
As long as you don’t encourage anyone, it doesn’t inspire them to do any great work. There are many famous people in the world who did great deeds just because they were appreciated.
Praise and encourage everyone around you. Whether the employee is a housewife or an office worker or a factory worker, visit him regularly or go to him personally and appreciate him clearly that you did this job better than we expected.
Today we are very happy with you. We must Appreciate the employee’s work from time to time. If he has done something very hard, then applaud him and express your admiration.
Encourage new entrepreneurs, it inspires them to move forward, and eventually one day they succeed. Praise your friends and acquaintances, they will be encouraged to move forward, they will be grateful to you.
 When they find something and in return, they will try to keep you happy.
Appreciation in relations
The mother-in-law should appreciate the good deeds of the daughter-in-law that you have taken care of my house, my son, and me and your daughter-in-law from time to time.
Doing so increases the respect of the mother-in-law in the eyes of the daughter-in-law and creates a desire to serve more.
The daughter-in-law should also tell the mother-in-law that you treat me very well and give me very good advice at half-time. This increases the mother-in-law’s respect for the daughter-in-law.
Similarly, in a relationship with appreciation has a significant role to play. For example, a husband who praises and appreciates his wife’s contribution and lives a much happier life as compared to a person who does not possess these qualities. 
A child who grows in a supportive environment develops more self-esteem and confidence. Another child who is never appreciated by his family members develops a sense of inferiority which ultimately leads towards his unsuccessful future. 
When praising someone, do it in clear words so that he knows what is being praised. For example, it is good that you have prayed, you have not taken a bribe, you have done your job honestly or you have done something.
When complimenting, just say goodbye, don’t comment or criticize at this time, keep it up for another time. Praise in a concise and honest way. For example, you helped me with something. Thank you very much for that.
Use common sense words for the compliment that the person in front understands. For instance, you can say this to children.
That you did not make any noise in front of the guests today, did not make any insults, ate well, you are commended for this work.
Praise means giving something to others. If you give something to someone, you also get a lot. So never be stingy in appreciation, and always appreciate others who do good, he will fall in love with you.
We must understand that appreciation is a fundamental psychological need for everyone so we must appreciate others and work for its prevalence in society.
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
 Let us start with a story of three sisters to know what is jealousy.
Farwa, Saman, and Alisha were three sisters. Alisha was the most beautiful of them. Farwa and Saman were more influenced by Alisha’s beauty due to their proper appearance. But Saman was very intelligent and understandable despite her obligatory appearance. She often took positions in the field of education. Farwa, the eldest sister, was deprived of both of these qualities.
But she was endowed with such qualities as godliness and piety. She was tormented by the feeling of her shortcomings and sometimes she was terrified, but she tried to be patient by suppressing this feeling.
On the other hand, Alisha was impressed by the intelligence of her sister Summon and wanted her to be like her. Be intelligent For this, she used to eat almonds and use recipes to improve her memory.
While Saman was impressed by Alisha’s beauty. She not only wanted to be beautiful but also wanted Alisha to lose her beauty. For this, she would disappear the things in Alisha’s beauty box and sometimes she would try to humiliate her with her sentences.
Here are some questions.
Is Farwa jealous of feeling inferior to her sisters’ virtues?
What is the jealousy of Alisha being influenced by the intelligence of her sister Summon and trying to be like her?
Which sister was jealous and why?
What is jealousy?
Every moral evil is harmful. Sometimes this loss is visible in this world and sometimes it is suspended till the Hereafter.
Jealousy is a disease that suffers from mental anguish in this world and the heart itself suffers from various mental and physical ailments.
That is, the process of punishment of jealousy would start from this world. That is why in the Qur’an, Allah seeks refuge from the evil of the envious, because he can go to any extent in this madness.
Jealousy consumes virtues like fire consumes dry wood. Therefore, for the good of this world and the hereafter, it is necessary to know this disease and take measures to avoid it.
Also Read: We must appreciate others
What causes Jealousy?
The following requirements must be met in order to be jealous.
Feeling depressed and unhappy with one’s progress
Wishing for its loss or rejoicing at its loss
The test of jealousy
The first step is to find out if you are jealous or not. The test is if you are happy about the suffering of others and sad about their success.
And at the same time, you wish for their loss and You are jealous while waiting for its blessings to be snatched away.
What is the meaning of jealousy?
Jealousy means wanting the loss of one’s blessing or goodness or wanting to snatch it away. While jealousy is about being impressed by a person’s goodness and trying to be like him.
But in jealousy, there is no desire to be deprived of that blessing of Mehsud (to be envied) or to be harmed. So jealousy is a negative emotion while jealousy is a positive emotion.
What is not jealousy?
As an objection, understand that just because someone likes something (house, clothes, etc.) is not jealousy. Rather, it fosters an atmosphere of competition and opens the way to progress.
Similarly, whispers that suddenly come to your mind unintentionally do not fall into the category of jealousy but cultivate these ideas with determination. Is reprehensible.
When is jealousy desirable?
This means that jealousy in religious affairs is a desirable act because it opens the way for progress in the religious field. But even in the worldly arena, jealousy is not forbidden.
For example, if a student is jealous of another student’s good marks and tries to get higher marks within the permissible limits, then this is also a commendable action.
This rule can also be applied in common practical life as well. If someone follows a person just because of his success and personality. It is always good to have a wish to be like him.
Different forms of jealousy
Jealousy in our society is usually found in the following cases:
First, Envy of one’s good things includes good clothes, jewelry, house, mobile, car, and other luxuries, etc.
Second, Envy of one’s outward attributes, including good looks, motives, or personality traits.
Third, Envy of one’s inner qualities, which include good manners, friendliness, kindness, piety, and devotion.
Irritated by someone’s financial growth, such as business development, higher education, or a good job, etc.
Jealousy of one’s offspring, especially male offspring, or jealousy over the development of offspring
Jealousy of one’s fame, honor, ability or position
Jealousy and jealousy over one’s health, well-being, contentment, happiness, and comfort
To burn the developed nations and countries in collective affairs and hope for their destruction
There are also infinite forms of jealousy that a jealous person can understand well.
Also read: Why girls fall in relationship
The disadvantages of jealousy
Jealousy has many worldly and otherworldly harms. Here are some of them:
۔ Jealousy burns in the fire of hatred.
۔ Jealousy causes many mental illnesses such as anger, depression, inferiority complex, irritability, etc.
۔ Jealousy and enmity can lead to chaos which can spread chaos in the home and society.
Jealousy causes other mortal sins, including backbiting, slander, curiosity, and lying.
Jealousy is the cause of Allah’s wrath in the Hereafter
Causes of jealousy and their remedy
The following are some common causes of jealousy:
Deprivation or feeling of inferiority
Ignorance of God’s philosophy of temptation
Hatred and resentment
Pride, arrogance. Negative thinking – Other causes 
We now describe them separately:
Deprivation or feeling of inferiority
The main reason for jealousy is that the jealous person is deprived of the blessing that the other has received. But sometimes jealousy occurs even in the presence of the blessing.
For example, when a bus passenger sees people sitting in an air-conditioned car, he naturally feels intensely deprived. It is involuntary to have this feeling, but wanting the evil of the workers is voluntary and a sinful act.
The solution is to avoid thinking as much as possible about people who are in a better position than you are, and if you have an idea, think about the people below you.
This does not mean that they should be compared in terms of wealth. It also compares health, fitness, peace of mind, and other standards. The second solution is to spend more time with people like you until you reach maturity.
Ignorance of God’s philosophy of trial
Philosophy is also a great cause of jealousy due to ignorance of temptation and perpetual understanding of worldly blessings. The main reason why Allah has given or has not given the form, wealth, car, house, children and other necessities of life is the trial.
He tests someone by giving blessings and by taking blessings from someone. In the sight of Allah, the status of this worldly equipment is less than that of a dead kid.
An envious person considers these blessings as real and purposeful and considers their attainment as success and deprivation as a failure. He goes mad with the love and greed of the world and burns at the sight of the blessings of others.
If observed carefully, to object to the envious is to object indirectly to God’s division and His wisdom. But this jealous person also burns in the fire of jealousy and opposes God.
The cure for this is to understand God’s temptation scheme, to reduce the greed and love of the world and to be content with God’s wisdom and division in all circumstances because there is no meeting here and no deprivation here.
Hatred and resentment
Hatred against someone can also make you want to harm that person. Jealousy can give rise to hatred and hatred can give rise to jealousy.
Because the main cause of this jealousy is hatred and malice. Treat it as a remedy. When the hatred is gone, the jealousy created by it will go away automatically.
Arrogance
Sometimes pride and arrogance also cause jealousy, especially for those who are jealous of the achievements of others in spite of everything, they think that their monopoly on every blessing and success in the world and their It is true.
To deal with it, it is necessary to get rid of arrogance. Arrogance is beautiful only to Allah. Man’s arrogance can lead him to hell and deprive him of the eternal blessings of heaven.
Blessings should be considered as a gift from Allah and should not be allowed to dominate them. Furthermore, Allah is the owner of all treasures.
He bestows them on whomever He wills and in whatever way He wills. Any objection to this division may amount to a direct objection to God’s wisdom.
Negative thinking
Some people’s thinking consists of negative thoughts. These people are experts at figuring out the negative in everything positive or neutral.
For this reason, they are unhappy with one’s success and bring out worms in one’s blessings.
The solution is to appreciate people’s achievements by adopting a positive attitude towards life and to share in their happiness and purify one’s jealousy and negative attitude.
Other causes
Apart from this, there can be many reasons for jealousy such as deprivation of one’s blessings from a natural calamity, deprivation of material achievements despite one’s privileges, raising the banner of success of one’s contemporaries, making one feel deprived of satire, etc. All of these causes are addressed in the discussion above and in the following instructions.
General guidelines for avoiding jealousy
In the first stage, you should find out the nature of jealousy and its cause, then try the recommended treatment according to that cause. Also, follow the instructions given below.
Pray to Allah for the blessings you are jealous of, so that you may get them too if they are possible under the law of causes, that is, the desire for impossible things can further distract the mind.
Remember the blessings of heaven, considering the material things that make you jealous as temporary and inferior.
Pray for Mehsud (who is to be envied) that God may grant him more success in all the matters of which you are jealous.
Express love to Mehsud (whom you are jealous of) and express happiness from the heart with him.
If possible, arrange some presents for Mehsud (whom you envy).
 Even if there is no success, then openly express your condition with Mehsud (whom you are jealous of) and ask him to pray for you. But also take care of this. So that things don’t get worse.
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
Definition of the rumor
Rumor can be defined as “a conversation that generates news that is passed from one person to another without confirmation.” It is a lie and fabricated by itself. Rumors spread like wildfire
The world is currently grappling with the most dangerous and highly “epidemic” epidemic of this century. The epidemic has so far affected about 9.39 million people and killed more than 481K. The rapidity of its spread can be gauged from the fact that in a short span of 36 hours, the epidemic has gripped 100,000 people.
The great powers of the world are not safe from this evil, Europe and America are practically paralyzed at the moment. The catastrophe in China came first and the tremors are still going on. China did what it could, but it gave other countries a lot to learn from its experience.
 Similarly, all the major medical research institutes in the world are working day and night to somehow develop a vaccine against this deadly epidemic.
Also read: women rights as a social issue
All international organizations and the governments of respective countries have sent a clear message that no cure has been invented for this disease and precaution is the only cure.
The virus spreads rapidly from person to person, so social distance is the most effective and perhaps the only way to stop its spread. In this situation, there are many irresponsible people spreading rumors that coronavirus is just an agenda. This is too bad for humanity.
One of the common shortcomings of our society is that we consider it our duty not only to convey every WhatsApp and Facebook message to others without thinking and without confirmation but beyond the intention of reward and charity.
Then, even if our actions do not harm the whole of humanity, we have no interest in it. Surprisingly, the most disturbing thing is that the number of educated people is high.
Spreading rumors is a very popular hobby among teachers and nowadays the evil of coronavirus has closed schools and colleges and given us the opportunity to spread more rumors.
There are many people claiming to discover a cure for corona with a mixture of onion and garlic. It is ok with these natural ingredients.
The problem starts when a person says that according to Dr. Li Wenling of China, drinking something three times a day makes corona run away. And it is also claimed that The news is also available on CNN and the BBC.
 In Pakistan my country, some friends have directly called it a Jewish conspiracy and have argued that there is not a single case of corona in Israel (although this claim is also false). So it is clear that there is a conspiracy against Muslims.
I was just trying to deal with the rumor about corona when I came across another rumor. An audio message came to one of our WhatsApp groups that tonight from 12:30 pm to 3:30 pm your mobile phone will be switched off because the United States is emitting dangerous rays that could endanger your life.
What bothered me more than the rumor was that the friend who shared the message was a science teacher. We may escape the plague, but rumors will kill us.
In today’s world where so many evils and immoralities are eating away at our society, one of the biggest diseases is spreading rumor.
Those who spread rumor may not even realize that at times its negative effects are dangerous for both the society and the state. And the devastating effects of which cannot be avoided even by the rumor mongers themselves.
From the Islamic point of view, spreading rumors in society is the worst crime. Because rumors without any basis not only create hatred and contempt among different sections of the society but also sometimes lead to unwarranted fights and quarrels.
 In view of the deadly and harmful effects of rumors, it is the duty of the citizens of the State not to spread any kind of rumors themselves.
But to keep a close eye on those who spread rumors and not to allow them to spread rumors. Falsehood and falsehood are not only a crime in this world but also in the Hereafter there will be severe punishment for this crime.
Rumors, whether against the government or against any institution, against any member of the society are reprehensible in any case. There are instances in history where the words spread by a few people have caused embarrassment and distress to the entire nation.
In the time of the Prophet, the hypocrites used to spread rumors. The hypocrites were neither benefactors of the Islamic nation nor of the Islamic State.
They were always on the lookout for an opportunity to attack the Islamic Nation. Especially in these circumstances, when the Muslims were in danger of war, their destructive activities intensified.
 Hypocrites sometimes spread rumors to spread fear and sometimes baseless and exaggerated news to create the wrong kind of satisfaction to hide a real threat.
In order to prevent this, the Qur’an commands Muslims not to spread such unverified news or rumors when they reach them, but to inform the authorities about such baseless news and rumors.
 They should look into such rumors and inform the nation about the situation. If something is true and the people need to be made aware of it, the government will publish the news itself, and will only take action against those who spread unrest or sedition in the society and prevent the harmful effects of rumors.
How rumors are spread in society
Newspapers, radio, and TV are the best means of transmitting news. Some news also reaches from one person to another orally. In the streets, it is often the job of men and women to spread the word. Such people are very famous for their artistry.
Sometimes people make news that is not based on facts. Different nations also spend millions of rupees to prepare such news.
Such news leads to the destruction of nations, and also to the right of the people. A clear example of this is the chaos and corruption in society. We know such news as “rumor”.
To understand a rumor, it is important to look at its causes, types, and effects. Rumors are also usually caused by resentment, tension, and fights between people.
It thrives in a society where ignorance is rampant and the news is not verified, or in a society where facilities such as newspapers, radio, and TV are lacking. Not verifying the news is a big reason for rumors.
Rumors usually cause harm. Spreading any news without confirmation is a sign of irrationality. Sometimes it causes trouble not only for us but also for others. In the Holy Qur’an, too, the Almighty has forbidden the transmission of news without confirmation. It is said:
“O you who believe! If a wicked person comes to you with any news, investigate it, lest you harm a people without knowing it, and then repent for what you have done.”
(Surat al-Hujurat, verse 6)
In this verse of the Holy Qur’an, Allah Almighty has clearly forbidden the transmission of any news without confirmation.
Purposes behind rumors
Spreading the rumor may involve the interests of a few. Some devilish people also spread rumors to create unrest in society. And some people even use rumors to defame a certain person. Rumors spread about things that people are curious to know about.
Reason for the spread of rumors in the society
The following may be the reasons for the spread of the rumor.
Ignorance
One of the main reasons for the spread of rumor is ignorance. Ignorant people accept any news as true and there is no question of research/verification of it. In this way, the news spreads from one person to another person.
Lack of research/verification sources
One of the reasons for the spread of rumor is the lack of research/verification sources. Newspapers, radio, and TV are the only means of verifying news, even if they are not available, the news cannot be verified.
Curiosity
There are some issues or personalities that the public is curious to know about. If there is any news about them, it spreads very fast and without any research.
Extraordinary circumstances
Earthquake In the days of floods, elections, etc., the news spreads very fast.
Types of rumors
Some of the types of rumors are described below.
Political rumors
Rumors are also spread in the run-up to the election to harass the opponent, break his vote, and assert his supremacy. Governments also use rumors to make things better.
War rumors
In the days of the war, rumors are also used to prove the power of the enemy and to create unrest among their people. Agents are used to spreading rumors.
Personal rumors
Rumors also circulate about celebrities who are famous. Most of the people who spread rumors about them are ordinary people just for fun. Rumors are usually spread about actors and actresses.
Exam rumors
Rumors are spread to harass people on exam days. There are also evil minds behind them who spread such news.
The purpose behind spreading the rumors
Behind any rumor lies the purpose of a particular person, individual, or organization. So the rumor is also spread through a deliberate plan. Rumors about religion spread very quickly because the majority of people in every society are inclined towards religion.
 Rumors about religion are only meant to spread confusion among the people. The United States has also used rumors to invade Iraq and Afghanistan. These rumors were first spread by the United States and then the war started.
Rumors spread in Iraq that they had deadly weapons that they wanted to misuse. Based on this rumor, the European powers sided with the United States in invading Iraq. It later emerged that Iraq did not have a single weapon.
Also read: Child abuse as a social issue
The two examples mentioned above prove that nations use rumors for their own purposes and rumors lead to the destruction of nations.
Mobile phones are very common nowadays. Every rich, poor, literate, illiterate person is within reach. The use of SMS service has also become common.
In such cases, SMS has become a means of spreading rumors. There are often read SMS that is fabricated. But they are forwarded without confirmation.
Sadly, the only means of research or verification of any news are “newspapers, TV, internet, mobile, etc.” which are being used to spread rumors.
Therefore, it is important that any news is confirmed after hearing it and then passed on to someone else. Governments and the general public will have to take strong measurements in order to eliminate this social issue in the world.
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
 This article is about how to manage your time. The right use of time is to gain control of life for all success. To gain control over life, you must manage your  time and use it in the best way.
Every single moment of our time is an invaluable and precious asset. Time is one of the most precious blessings bestowed by Allah Almighty. As precious as time is, it passes away like melting ice. Time cries out every moment: O son of Adam! I am a valuable asset. I am a witness to your deeds. If you want to get something from me, do it۔
Otherwise, I will not return until the Day of Resurrection. The fact is that every deficit in the world can be compensated but the time wasted cannot be compensated. The value and importance of time in the lives of rich people and the bright principles of spending it are found.
Historians have always valued time and valued every single moment, then they got a place and status. People who do not waste time Always thrive. The key to success in this world and in the hereafter is the value of time and the best planning. There is evidence of punctuality in the system established by Allah Almighty. Everything revolves in its own orbit without wasting time.
The sun, the moon, the stars all rise and set at their appointed times. The whole world system is running on time. Assuming that the whole system of the universe speaks of the importance and necessity of time. And the nations who value time, they turn deserts into the gulch, they take over the skies, they can tear apart the livers of the mountains.
Time and the world kiss their footsteps, but nations that waste time are enslaved by time and they are at a loss in religion and the world. It is said that the real wealth in the hands of man is his time. He who wastes time wastes everything.
Time cannot be bought or stored. It is a flowing river and the wave that passed through it cannot return. No one’s childhood can be restored and no one’s youth can be regained.
One of the keys to success is how you manage your time. Successful people use their time for the best ideas and goals. While the failing ones are always crying for lack of time while there is no such thing as time-lapse.
Everyone has time for important tasks anyway. A successful person has 24 hours and does not have to be extracted or acquired.
The same is true that a successful person uses his time only on the right things and achieves great success while the failing person has time to do the unnecessary and unimportant tasks.
Time is precious, more valuable than wealth, more valuable than everything else in the world as you can always have more wealth than ever, but when time runs out, you will never regain it. So learn to manage your time.
Time is like ice if melted once considered as waste. Time cannot be extended and cannot be saved but can be utilized only.
Learn how to use time effectively for success so that you can be more successful and prosperous. Time is wealth, so use it as money. The following can be taken advantage of.
Just use your time wisely, to do the tasks that are really important to achieve the goals Ask yourself a question can I do something better than that which will lead me to my destination? Therefore do only those tasks which could lead you towards your goal.
For the best use of time, it is important that you plan the tasks in advance. Now the more stress you have on planning, the less time it takes to put into practice.
According to research, one minute of planning saves you ten minuets of practice. Better planning makes you think better and achieve more success. It is of more worth to script your planning on a page.
Start each day under a program or plan. Do not start the day unless you know what you need to do and do not start the week until you know that this week.
According to experts, Weekly planning is better than daily planning. By creating a list of different tasks daily at the same time each night, your consciousness will stay on track to complete your project and find good ways.
This list must also include some of the most important tasks, as well that will take you closer to your destination.
Most of us try to do a lot of things at the same time which results into frustration and they give up. One of the basic and effective principles of time management is to do one task at a time. Focusing on this principle, more work can be done within short range of time.
One of the principles of time management is to set the time for completion of each task, ie when the work will be completed.
According to Parkins, work is spread according time. If you have ten days then the work will be completed in 10 days and if you have five days then the work will be completed in five days. 
We spend a lot of time waiting for the someone, especially at the wedding ceremonies that always start late. Sometimes you go to meet someone on time, but the other person is late.
Sometimes you are stuck in the long line. In these cases a lot of time is wasted. It may be worthwhile to keep a booklet notebook and plan, etc.
At such moments you can study a book or magazine or prepare your notes if you are a student.
Although the important thing is to do one task at a time otherwise because of the lack of attention work remains incomplete.
But sometimes doing two tasks at a times can be time saving. For instance, you can watch TV while doing exercise or cooking in Kitchen.
For the best use of time, it is important to follow the time as by doing so you can save a lot of important time and feel relax.
One of the major obstacles in the way of using time optimally and to make the most of it is the habit of postponing. Postponement means deferring the work that needs to be done. Therefore it must be avoided.
Time is important but time management is something most important for anyone to be successful in life.
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
  What is Child abuse?
Child abuse has become a very serious social issue in the world. Every minute anywhere in the world a child faces child abuse.
Child abuse often called child maltreatment is about intentional acts. Whose consequences are in the form of physical injury or emotional harm to children.
It concludes a broad range of behavior. Such as physical assault by parents or other family members.it also includes neglecting the basic needs of the child.
 It is not possible to completely measure the extent of child abuse as it is not confined to some countries. It can be seen in all sorts of societies of urban and rural communities.
It is no specified to some ethnic groups and religions. The definition of child abuse varies throughout the world. In some countries, the law does not allow any sort of physical punishment of children. And in some less developed countries, parents can punish their child by hitting.
  Types of child abuse
There are several types of child abuse.
·      Physical abuse Includes intentionally done acts of violence which sometimes result in injury and sometimes in the death of a child. Injury includes broken bones, acid attacks, burn marks, etc.
·      Sexual abuse involves the use of a child for sexual satisfaction and forcing or attracting children to sexual activities such as showing the adult content, uncivilized discussion.
·      Emotional abuse involves attacking the self-respect of the child by verbally abusing the child in the family or out of the house. It also includes threats, degradation, and negative criticism. It mostly occurs by parents in a situation when a child is always forced to get higher grades in the study.
·      Another abuse is mostly shown by stepmothers or caretakers. Such as cold behavior, keeping a child in dark places, prohibiting the child to be socialized, limiting their access to edible and emotional abuse. Emotional abuse means blackmailing the child to get his approval for what he does not want.
In this modern and busy lifestyle, parents are busy enough to neglect their children. This neglect may be of many types such as less provision of food clothing, shelter, medical care to a child. This type of negligence involves failure to meet a child’s basic needs such as education.
Also read: Women’s rights as a social issue
Causes for child abuse 
There are so many causes for child abuse by people in society. It is assumed that the people may be suffering from some sort of mental disorder but this is correct only a very small group.
·    Hereditary violence means the behavior a child learns violence from his parents or family members. And this child when grows up to transfer it to his own children. It is a scientific fact that the majority of abused children behave as same as their parents did to them.
·      Social stress is another very important cause raising the sense of child abuse in families. It has been observed the families with good social status behave normally with their children as compared to those living in with a lower social status.
 In rich families, children are abused by negligence as their parents do not have enough time to spend with them. Sometimes in rich families, children are abused but it is not reported as their parents are not more socialized. The use of drugs and alcohol by parents also results in child abuse.
·      Family systems also play a role in spreading child abuse. A family with only husband and wife have higher rates of child abuse than joint families.In separate families where husband and wife share the responsibilities to take care of children faceless abuse incidents than those where only one parent is given all the responsibilities.
Effects of child abuse
There are very dangerous consequences of child abuse. For example, after being raped, their brutal killings have become a daily occurrence.
Incidents are reported on social media. Every day there is noise and anger. Then people fall silent. Or something new happens.
Sexual abuse harms children. Such as physical trauma, mental trauma. Because of this, children face difficulties in every aspect of life (school, college, home, and marriage).
A child is sexually abused when he or she is forced to engage in sexual activity. It is often physical and sometimes online.
For instance, on a computer or mobile, exchanging photos or videos, and then physical activity.  The majority of them are boys. And many girls too.
Sex offenders are usually adults. They can be family members, friends, or even strangers. Child abuse can happen anywhere. Whether at home or away from home.
Children do not understand. Or whatever happens to them. They become so frightened that they cannot stop it. According to Human Rights Watch, there were 3832 reported cases of child abuse in Pakistan in 2018.
Those that could not be reported or suppressed will also be in the sectors. The perpetrators of these incidents were not convicted but all the nominees were released on bail.
Also read: Domestic violence as a social issue
Role of parents and other family members 
“Our responsibilities and duties as parents and as sensible brothers and sisters.”
Create a friendly environment for children at home so that they feel safe and trustworthy during the conversation and build trust.
Children should be reassured that if they complain to their parents or older siblings about an undesirable act or person, they will be trusted and will not face any reprimands or beatings.
Make it clear to children that their siblings are the only ones who are their real siblings.
Explain to children that they cannot take any toys or food from strangers. Drivers, janitors, housekeepers, school administrators, and teachers are also strangers to children in terms of receiving such gifts.
Children should be reminded not to sit alone in the room with anyone other than their parents and siblings, and to have their parents and siblings with them at all times until they are too old.
Children should be advised to avoid talking unnecessarily to people around them and to move away from the person or place immediately if they feel threatened or intimidated.
If tutors and readers come to the house to teach the children, then the sensible and responsible person of the house should be present in the teaching room.
Parents should be present with the child to board the school van or to the school gate.
Keep track of all children’s friends and their homes. Strictly follow the children’s comings and goings during the game and stay with an older, sensible person in the house while playing with the children outside.
If you come home to look after children, have employees present, never leave your children alone with them and never send them out alone with an employee or driver.
Keep the data of all the employees of your household safe and also submit it to the local police station.
Never send children alone to a stranger’s or neighbour’s house, no matter how pleasant the parents’ relationship with the neighbours.
Keep an eye on the unusual movements of a stranger or suspicious person, who does not belong to your area or neighbourhood.
Never send children to a store alone to buy household items.
Pay attention to children’s changing attitudes, moods, and habits.
Keep an eye on who your child is afraid of and who he or she is approaching unnecessarily.
Teach children to say “no”. If a person tries to get close to them in the wrong way. 
At the end of the day, ask the children where they went all day.
In the end, it is important to explain to the children who have been the victims of such accidents that they are not responsible for any such accident or incident.
Nor do they need to feel ashamed or guilty. Make sure that the home environment is built with healthy communication and action.
While educating children on these topics, we also need to take special care not to intimidate them with any of our words or actions.
Therefore, whatever is explained or told to them should be explained in a very light-hearted manner, gradually at different times so that the clear and innocent minds of the children are not distracted.
They do not feel any kind of fear, as if whenever talking to them If done, the home environment should be friendly.
These topics are generally considered to be shameful and parents do not want to mention them in front of their children.
But now the urgency of the time and the situation demands that we enlighten our children. To save the future, we must take these steps more urgently so that in the future we can build a healthy society for our children.
FAQs about Child abuse
what is the most possible reason child abuse is unreported?
The most possible reason behind unreported cases of child abuse is the social behaviour of the individuals living around the society. In most societies, parents feel hesitation in reporting the case of child abuse due to the negative comments from the people living around them. This condition is even worse in the eastern societies such as in some Asian countries like India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. People make fun of these suffering children therefore, parents avoid reporting child abuse cases.
When Does Discipline become child abuse?
Discipline is a good thing until considered as imparting moral character in child. But mostly parents impose very strictness and hard rules at home to be followed by the child. This situation becomes worse as it causes adverse psychological effects on the child. To make this intense discipline followed by the child parents behavior turns into a type of child abuse probably the verbal child abuse. This is also observed in the educational institutes where teachers unintentionally practice child abuse.
Which is the following is the most frequent form of child abuse?
The most frequent form of child abuse is verbal abuse around the world. This is witnessed in multiple forms. Verbal abuse is prevailing in the world as parents leave their children at home under the supervision of a housemaid. These housemaids in the absence of parents practice child abuse. Similarly, in educational institutes, verbal child abuse is witnessed by the teaching staff. In families with poor and uneducated background, verbal abuse is practised by the even.
What are the signs of child abuse?
Being a child who is facing some sort of child abuse becomes frightened. He cannot understand the situation he goes through. But there are certain signs of child abuse that parents need to highlight. For examples, Sudden change in child behaviour, any physical injury of specific body parts, silence, lack of interest in educational activities, social skills, living away from parent’s company, anxiety etc.
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
Introduction to women’s rights as a social issue
In this article, we are going to discuss a very important social issue about women’s rights as a social issue. It has been since ancient times, a woman is not given the rights as same as for men.
 So by definition women’s rights, are rights that establish equal status as for men. These include social, economic, and political rights. These rights decide the status of women in society. As she will not face discrimination in either aspect of life.
Women’s rights in the past
Until the 20th century, women in most of the societies were deprived of some of the legal and political rights. During the earlier civilizations, people believed that women’s only roles were as mothers and wives.
 The deep-seated cultural beliefs forced the women of that period to live with a very limited role in society. Instead of their involvement in daily life affairs,   consider suited for childbearing at homemaking.
 Women were inferior to men, it is the only belief main Sporting societies to limit the women’s basic rights. Even in some societies, women were not allowed to learn domestic skills and get educated.
 As a result, education was accorded to men only. Hence well educated at upper-class men got hold of most positions of employment and power in the society.
Efforts for women’s rights
19thcentury met only occasional protests and drew the attention of most people. Lack of education and poor economic situation were the main factors abstaining women from challenging their basic rights.
 18thcentury had witnessed some theorists raising voices in favor of women. They stated that all men and women have equal rights.
 Talking about Europe and North America, the respective governments also contributed. Governments began to formulate new laws for women. These laws guaranteed equality among men. Efforts made by different organizations for women to achieve greater rights occurred in two phases.
 The first began in the mid-19thcentury to deal with rights such as the right to vote. In the second phase, this crusade got momentum during the 1960s. This was the time when African-American struggle to gain racial superiority. This factor inspired women to vivify their struggle for equality.
 In the United States, religious revolution during the mid of 19th century invigorated the movement of women’s rights. The women from the lower middle class joined to put their efforts forward. The purpose behind was to reinforce the concept of women are as equal as men in a social system.
This way, American women became involved in many social and moral reform campaigns. These include improving the living standards to protect the prostitutes. This also accounts for an increase in the wages of labor women, etc.
 They also stood to uproot the main causes responsible for extremism for women. For example, alcoholism. Lucretia Coffin Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were the most important women in this regard. These ladies supported the different movements for women’s rights.
 In 1848, due to many efforts made by different organizations for women’s rights. One of the best laws in this list is women’s share in the property. Which works for the legislation of institutes to pass the laws that at least gave security to have their share in the property.
 States passed the different laws In favor of women. These laws limit work hours and abolishing night work for women. In 1920, the constitution of the United States was amended by allowing the women to cast the vote.
  In 1960, during the second phase of the struggle for women’s rights. Women were gathered under the platform of women’s Bureau of Department of Labor. As a result, a new law was passed. This law deals with employment discrimination. It also deals with legal inequality, insufficient support for working women, and unequal pay. 
Efforts for women’s rights at the international level
At the international platform, The International Congress of Women asked for equality of access. This access emphasis on very basic rights. Thes basic rights include education, food, and moral status.
  Another organization known as Equal Rights International worked for approval of the law. That law institutes equal rights for both genders. In 1975, United Nation launched the Decade for women. It means a ten-year effort plan to focus on women’s issues.
Status of women’s rights as a social issue
The status of women’s rights in the present world depends upon the location. It also depends on religion, moral and social values. And the type of government in the respective countries also matters.
 Recently women in developed countries are living with almost equal rights as men. This can be said as in 2005, there were 12 female national leaders in the world. Ratio includes 8 heads of state and 4 heads of government.
 Now in the civilized world of today, women’s rights as a social issue have been accepted. Women have reproductive rights. Although these vary from country to country. Even the right like Abortion is legal in some parts of the world.
 Nowadays in highly populated and economically stable countries, women have complete freedom to live their lives according to their own ways.
Current situation of women’s rights in the world
But still, women are deprived of the basic rights in many parts of the world. Mostly in Asian and African countries. Therefore this struggle for women’s rights will be in progress. We all need to pass and implement the same laws in our system.
 Certain customs against women’s esteem still exist in the world. This is all due to less education and poor social systems. Organizations working for women need to highlights these.
 A woman is an integral part of any society. Without a woman, we cannot make the world civilized. If women get no basic rights this will be like injustice. So societies with no justice never gain the status of civilized societies.
 At this point, it is necessary to examine why women have no importance. They have such an important role to play in creating and corrupting society. If women are the foundation of a society, then why not support them.
 If a woman is good then the state will be good too. If it is bad, it will be bad too. Just as the strength of a building can be assessed by looking at a pillar.
 Similarly, the greatness and pride of a nation relate to the status of women in society. Now if this pillar of society is strong. Then the roof of peace and prosperity of the nation can be laid on it.
 Therefore, we all need to focus on it as this is really a serious social issue. For this purpose, we have to educate people. 
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
  What is domestic violence
Domestic violence is types of violence at the domestic level. Domestic violence takes place among human individuals. Domestic violence takes place among the relations such as marriages, partnerships, employees etc. In domestic violence, a person male or female is not treated like a human. In this scenario, an individual is kept deprived of basic human rights, physical torture, acid deposition etc.
In this article, we are going to discuss Domestic violence as a social issue.
Definition of Domestic Violence
Any act between husbands and wives or between the individuals of any relationship which proves to be harmful physically, emotionally, and mentally is called domestic violence.
Abuse between partners may be of many forms. For example, verbal abuse, emotional abuse. Limited or sometimes complete access to any sources important for living, imposing sanctions on different activities, assault, sexual harassment, etc.
In severe conditions, it can result in the death of individuals. Domestic violence is not gender specified. As it can be done by any gender in a mutual relationship.
Historical background of Domestic violence
In the past, people were highly dependent on their religious beliefs, traditions, and culture. Which promoted the assault of women by men. Because men were considered the most superior.
In ancient civilizations, the husband was allowed to deal with his wife as he wanted. if the wife found guilty or not. Even there were such laws that allowed men to do whatever they want. In any matter, women’s consent had no importance.
The 19th century witnessed some legislation in favour of women. It helped in improving the status of women.
Types of domestic violence
Many people think that violence means injuring the body. But there are many different types of domestic violence. The violence of any kind harms the body. Or the soul.
Physical violence
Physical violence includes the following…
If someone hurts you.
If someone pushes you or stumbles.
If someone kisses you.
And you can’t breathe
Emotional violence
Emotional violence includes following…..
If someone insults you.
If someone decides who you can meet.
If someone decides what you should wear.
If someone scares you.
Or threatens you:
That he will have children.
That he will hurt you.
That he will send you away.
Out of the house Or even out of the country.
Sexual violence
Sexual violence includes following conditions
If someone touches you and you don’t want them to.
If you are expected to touch someone and you do not want to.
If someone forces you to watch pornography.
Isolation as domestic violence
If someone imprisons you.
If you are not allowed to go alone.
If you are not allowed to use the telephone.
If you are not allowed to talk to other people.
How does Domestic violence prevail in society?
It has become a worldwide problem nowadays. Therefore it is difficult to measure its actual extent. The reason behind this issue is that the victims in major proportion hesitate to report. Several reasons are responsible for this.
For instance their economic status in society and political links. However, the behaviour of law enforcement institutes toward the victims also contributes to this hesitation.
In some parts of the world, people do not have access to institutes. So they never report their case for justice. Therefore it is more important to rely upon the statistics of domestic violence from public surveys. As the data obtained from hospitals, police stations, and any other governmental institutes is not authentic.
According to different surveys conducted in the United States, the ratio of these sorts of cases is increasing with a ratio of almost 16 percent every 10 years. Nearly the same statistics are in other nations including, Canada and New Zealand.
Causes of Domestic violence
The ratio of cases of domestic violence is higher in married couples. There are several factors for this violence such as economic and social problems, the social structure within a culture, religious traditions, etc.
For example, in male-dominated societies, women are always considered a bot inferior to men which ultimately results in the oppression of women.
In some parts of the world, such as African tribes, traditional rituals also invigorate the sense of domestic violence.
For instance, if a female or male reaches the age of maturity, he or she will have to prove it by doing something dangerous, such as sleeping with poisonous organisms, tattoo formation on the skin with the help of a spiky instrument, and deformation of body parts.
In some cases, an individual is found suffering from some sort of disorder. Which may be personality and antisocial personality disorder. Even they do not regret it. Because people with such disorders are not capable of feeling guilty about what they do.
Consequences of domestic violence
Consequences or effects may be short term or long term. It depends upon the extent of brutality the victim’s face. Talking about physical injuries, it includes cuts, bruises, and sometimes broken bones, wounds, miscarriages, and death as well.
The victims may have psychological disorders. This disorder results in excessive eating, loneliness, and alcoholism. Research statistics describe the worst effect of violence on children. As it leaves a strong effect on their physical and mental health. In a society where women are subordinated, the majority of victims are females.
Legislation against Domestic violence
Nowadays the trends have changed as there are so many programs both for offenders and victims. In these programs, they are treated to avoid domestic violence.
In war-affected countries, there are shelters for battered women. And they feel safe there. They also give counselling for them and their children.
Domestic violence is considered a crime in all 50 states of the U.S.A. There are funds from the federal states. These funds are used for the local programs to combat domestic violence.
How to stop and avoid domestic violence
Domestic violence cannot be stopped by Law and order enforcement agencies. To stop domestic violence we as a victim have to raise the voice against it. Here are the following suggestions that need to be implemented in order to avoid or stop domestic violence.
Talk to someone you trust.
Talk to a friend about it.
Or work with a partner.
Talk to a social worker at the residence.
Go to the police.
Therefore we need to understand that this is not a private matter and take a stand against it as it is an important issue to discuss.
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
  This article is about how to manage your time. The right use of time is to gain control of life for all success. To gain control over life, you must manage your  time and use it in the best way.
Every single moment of our time is an invaluable and precious asset. Time is one of the most precious blessings bestowed by Allah Almighty. As precious as time is, it passes away like melting ice. Time cries out every moment: O son of Adam! I am a valuable asset. I am a witness to your deeds. If you want to get something from me, do it۔
Otherwise, I will not return until the Day of Resurrection. The fact is that every deficit in the world can be compensated but the time wasted cannot be compensated. The value and importance of time in the lives of rich people and the bright principles of spending it are found.
Historians have always valued time and valued every single moment, then they got a place and status. People who do not waste time Always thrive. The key to success in this world and in the hereafter is the value of time and the best planning. There is evidence of punctuality in the system established by Allah Almighty. Everything revolves in its own orbit without wasting time.
The sun, the moon, the stars all rise and set at their appointed times. The whole world system is running on time. Assuming that the whole system of the universe speaks of the importance and necessity of time. And the nations who value time, they turn deserts into the gulch, they take over the skies, they can tear apart the livers of the mountains.
Time and the world kiss their footsteps, but nations that waste time are enslaved by time and they are at a loss in religion and the world. It is said that the real wealth in the hands of man is his time. He who wastes time wastes everything.
Time cannot be bought or stored. It is a flowing river and the wave that passed through it cannot return. No one’s childhood can be restored and no one’s youth can be regained.
One of the keys to success is how you manage your time. Successful people use their time for the best ideas and goals. While the failing ones are always crying for lack of time while there is no such thing as time-lapse.
Everyone has time for important tasks anyway. A successful person has 24 hours and does not have to be extracted or acquired.
The same is true that a successful person uses his time only on the right things and achieves great success while the failing person has time to do the unnecessary and unimportant tasks.
Time is precious, more valuable than wealth, more valuable than everything else in the world as you can always have more wealth than ever, but when time runs out, you will never regain it. So learn to manage your time.
Time is like ice if melted once considered as waste. Time cannot be extended and cannot be saved but can be utilized only.
Learn how to use time effectively for success so that you can be more successful and prosperous. Time is wealth, so use it as money. The following can be taken advantage of.
Just use your time wisely, to do the tasks that are really important to achieve the goals Ask yourself a question can I do something better than that which will lead me to my destination? Therefore do only those tasks which could lead you towards your goal.
For the best use of time, it is important that you plan the tasks in advance. Now the more stress you have on planning, the less time it takes to put into practice.
According to research, one minute of planning saves you ten minuets of practice. Better planning makes you think better and achieve more success. It is of more worth to script your planning on a page.
Start each day under a program or plan. Do not start the day unless you know what you need to do and do not start the week until you know that this week.
According to experts, Weekly planning is better than daily planning. By creating a list of different tasks daily at the same time each night, your consciousness will stay on track to complete your project and find good ways.
This list must also include some of the most important tasks, as well that will take you closer to your destination.
Most of us try to do a lot of things at the same time which results into frustration and they give up. One of the basic and effective principles of time management is to do one task at a time. Focusing on this principle, more work can be done within short range of time.
One of the principles of time management is to set the time for completion of each task, ie when the work will be completed.
According to Parkins, work is spread according time. If you have ten days then the work will be completed in 10 days and if you have five days then the work will be completed in five days.
 We spend a lot of time waiting for the someone, especially at the wedding ceremonies that always start late. Sometimes you go to meet someone on time, but the other person is late.
Sometimes you are stuck in the long line. In these cases a lot of time is wasted. It may be worthwhile to keep a booklet notebook and plan, etc.
At such moments you can study a book or magazine or prepare your notes if you are a student.
Although the important thing is to do one task at a time otherwise because of the lack of attention work remains incomplete.
But sometimes doing two tasks at a times can be time saving. For instance, you can watch TV while doing exercise or cooking in Kitchen.
For the best use of time, it is important to follow the time as by doing so you can save a lot of important time and feel relax.
One of the major obstacles in the way of using time optimally and to make the most of it is the habit of postponing. Postponement means deferring the work that needs to be done. Therefore it must be avoided. 
Time is important but time management is something most important for anyone to be successful in life.
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
 Do you want to be mentally smart at all ages? If so, this desire is for everyone, but only a few people can do it.
Everyday activities can gradually deprive people of mental abilities and it takes some effort to avoid it.
In fact, it is not a difficult task. You can sharpen your mind by adopting a few habits.
Here are some common habits that can help you become a smarter person.
1: Submit ten ideas daily
How to reduce poverty, how to solve everyday problems, interesting movie ideas or anything. It doesn’t matter what your ideas are, your brain should work, which strengthens different parts of the mind, and you may be able to solve your problems more easily.
2: Reading newspapers
This will help you to keep abreast of important issues around the world. This will give you the opportunity to express your opinion and connect with things that may seem irrelevant, but the biggest benefit is that you will be able to speak confidently on every topic at various events or with friends.
3: Reading a chapter of a book
Make a commitment to read a book a week, take the time to read is not a difficult task, you can do it on the bus even while going to the office. Good reading helps keep the mind sharp as well as find a community that embraces the hobby.
Fiction books are compelling to understand different personalities and give you a chance to look at life from a new perspective, while non-fiction books are a great way to get acquainted with new topics such as politics or psychology.
4: Share what you learn with others
If you discover something while discussing an idea and analyzing an idea, you can share it with others and gain new perspectives. Similarly, when you explain your ideas to someone, it also means that you have mastered the idea and will not necessarily share it by writing a blog or writing a diary. Is possible
5: Make two to-do lists
Make a to-do list of your work-related skills that you want to learn and a list of things you want to achieve in the future. This makes it easier for you to set goals and devote your energies to them.
6: List daily accomplishments
At the end of each day, write down what you did today and how far you completed it. It will help you to be happy even on these small achievements, especially in those moments when you feel depressed or discouraged. This will show you how good you are at your job.
7: Make a to-do list
Write down the use of your time to clear your mind, give up old habits and adopt new but better ones. The difference between a successful person and a very successful person is denying almost everything.
8: Stimulate the mind
Running every day is the best way to keep your mind healthy and healthy. Similarly, analyzing various decisions or new information is the best exercise to stimulate the mind.
9: Talk to someone about an interesting topic
Even if there is a stranger, don’t hesitate to talk to him, ask him about his interests and find out how he became interested in them. Often you learn more from people you know very little about.
10: Hang out with people who are more intelligent than you
Spend more time with intelligent or smarter people than you, and walking with such people on a daily basis can significantly improve your personality. Always be humble and show interest in learning. Ask as many questions as you can and if there are more knowledgeable people around you, you will have no option but to learn more.
11: Get out of your circle
Getting out of your comfort zone is always rewarding, pushing yourself daily, speaking in front of people, making suggestions in your office, or sending a letter or email to someone you are impressed with. All help to sharpen the mental faculties.
12: Play games
Some games like chess sharpen your mind, you can challenge yourself by playing, you can also get this benefit by solving puzzles while games like Scrabble are also useful in this regard. As you try to play it without a dictionary.
13: Sitting alone for a while
Often sitting quietly also helps you learn something and gives you a chance to reflect on your problems and intentions while also helping you to overcome your shortcomings by examining them throughout the day.
14: Exercise and a healthy diet
Choose foods that provide mental energy while avoiding junk foods that slow you down. Take a walk when you feel short of energy, the better the blood flow to the brain, the better its performance.
15: Your smartphone
Keeping your phone close may help you to think clearly. A study found that iPhone users performed better when they were part of a puzzle game. Research has shown that isolating the phone from people can lead to anxiety and high blood pressure. According to researchers, keeping the phone close (but silent) helps keep you focused.
16: Stay close to nature
Viewing natural landscapes improves the mind’s ability to solve problems by up to 50%. One study found that looking at landscapes improves creative thinking and problem-solving ability, which is beneficial for the part of the mind that helps make decisions, plan and control anxiety.
If you don’t have time to wander around, research shows that images of these scenes are enough to improve your ability to focus.
17: The sun is also beneficial
Getting out of the house and walking in the sunlight also ignites mental abilities and this is because of vitamin D. Too much vitamin D in the body improves mental functions, speeds up concentration and analyzes information.
18: Adequate sleep
You may know that lack of sleep causes brain fog, but did you know that sleep helps clear the mind? One study found that brain cells release toxins during sleep that accumulate in the brain during wakefulness. Good sleep improves mental alertness, concentration, ability to solve problems, speed of thinking, logical thinking, and memory.
19: Focus on one thing at a time
Multitasking does not make you intelligent, focusing on more than one thing at a time can reduce mental capacity, according to medical experts, multitasking causes mental fatigue, our brain is much better at this time. Works when there is not too much load on it. Another study found that focusing on one thing at a time improves brain function.
20: Try new things
You may not find anything new useful, but trying it can be beneficial in the future. If you have the opportunity to learn a new skill or try something new, don’t hold back.
By adopting these 20 common habits you can be more smart person in the life.
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
Tumblr media
#advertising #flyer #attention 
A flyer is an inexpensive and highly effective way to grab attention in a very busy marketplace. How do you make your flyer stand out in the crowd? Here are some techniques that professional designers use to make flyers "pop."
1. Write a snappy headline or title.
Make it memorable, unusual or provocative using a few carefully chosen powerful words. Popular titles contain one or more of these words: Easy, The Secrets to, Unlock, Finally, Insider, Time Sensitive, How to, Free Bonuses, Now You Can, Discover, Proven.
2. Use colorful or striking graphics.
One large image will have more impact than many smaller images. A stunning photo or illustration grabs attention, creates a mood, and supports your story. This image is your "focal point" and will draw your readers in. You can purchase inexpensive but quality stock photos on the Internet. Download individual photos or purchase a CD with hundreds of images.
3. Focus on the benefits of your product or service.
Your prospects will ask the question, "What's in it for me?" Write from the their perspective using the words "you" and "your." Avoid using the following words: we, us, I and our. Be sure to keep your text short and to the point. Some of the most powerful words to use are: free, save, love, new, results, and guarantee. Break up long paragraphs with bullet points and place them in a separate box.
4. Use compelling testimonials and case studies.
Nothing strikes a chord like an endorsement from a happy customer, especially if it demonstrates the results they've had with your product or service. Be sure to include the first and last name, company name and location of the person providing the endorsement.
5. Organize your page with boxes, borders and areas of contrasting colors.
You don't need to fill your flyer with wall-to-wall text and graphics. Incorporate some white space to make certain elements stand out and to make the flyer easy to read.
6. Make your points easily identifiable.
Highlight titles and subtitles in bold, but avoid using ALL CAPS because they are more difficult to read.
7. Don't get too complicated.  
Make it simple with two typefaces, and align items to a grid. Your page layout program will provide non-printing guidelines. Use the "snap to guidelines" function to align items easily to the grid. Be aware of printing margins. I suggest you create your layout with 1/2" margins on all sides, or add 1/8" for bleeds on items that print off the edge of the page.
8. Don't forget to proofread.
Have someone else proofread your work. Check your contact information. Dial the phone numbers on the flyer to make sure they are correct, and type in the URL of your website to make sure it is correct, too.
9. If you are on a tight budget, try this.
Select bright- colored or unique paper, and print with black ink. Use shades of grey to provide tones and contrasting background areas.
10. Offer a discount or special limited-time price.
Design a coupon on the bottom quarter of the flyer. Be sure to clearly state the deadlines and limitations of the offer. If it is a mail-in coupon, be sure to include the payment specifications with areas for filling out credit card information, mailing address, etc.
You don't need to re-invent the wheel when creating your flyer. Use these proven techniques and you will see big results in your marketing efforts. 
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
 Love encompasses a range of strong and positive emotional and mental states, from the most sublime virtue or good habit, the deepest interpersonal affection, to the simplest pleasure. An example of this range of meanings is that the love of a mother differs from the love of a spouse, which differs from the love for food. Most commonly, love refers to a feeling of a strong attraction and emotional attachment.
Love is considered to be both positive and negative, with its virtue representing human kindness, compassion, and affection, as "the unselfish loyal and benevolent concern for the good of another" and its vice representing human moral flaw, akin to vanity, selfishness, amour-propre, and egotism, as potentially leading people into a type of mania, obsessiveness or codependency. It may also describe compassionate and affectionate actions towards other humans, one's self, or animals. In its various forms, love acts as a major facilitator of interpersonal relationships and, owing to its central psychological importance, is one of the most common themes in the creative arts. Love has been postulated to be a function that keeps human beings together against menaces and to facilitate the continuation of the species.
Ancient Greek philosophers identified six forms of love: essentially, familial love, friendly love or platonic love, romantic love, self-love, guest love, and divine love. Modern authors have distinguished further varieties of love: unrequited love, empty love, companionate love, consummate love, infatuated love, self-love, and courtly love. Numerous cultures have also distinguished ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ''variants or symbioses of these states), as culturally unique words, definitions, or expressions of love in regards to a specified "moments" currently lacking in the English language.
Scientific research on emotion has increased significantly over the past two decades. The color wheel theory of love defines three primary, three secondary and nine tertiary love styles, describing them in terms of the traditional color wheel. The triangular theory of love suggests "intimacy, passion and commitment" are core components of love. Love has additional religious or spiritual meaning. This diversity of uses and meanings combined with the complexity of the feelings involved makes love unusually difficult to consistently define, compared to other emotional states.
Definitions 
The word "love" can have a variety of related but distinct meanings in different contexts. Many other languages use multiple words to express some of the different concepts that in English are denoted as "love"; one example is the plurality of Greek concepts for "love" . Cultural differences in conceptualizing love thus doubly impede the establishment of a universal definition.
Although the nature or essence of love is a subject of frequent debate, different aspects of the word can be clarified by determining what isn't love. Love as a general expression of positive sentiment is commonly contrasted with hate. As a less-sexual and more-emotionally intimate form of romantic attachment, love is commonly contrasted with lust. As an interpersonal relationship with romantic overtones, love is sometimes contrasted with friendship, although the word love is often applied to close friendships or platonic love..
Abstractly discussed, love usually refers to an experience one person feels for another. Love often involves caring for, or identifying with, a person or thing, including oneself. In addition to cross-cultural differences in understanding love, ideas about love have also changed greatly over time. Some historians date modern conceptions of romantic love to courtly Europe during or after the Middle Ages, although the prior existence of romantic attachments is attested by ancient love poetry.
The complex and abstract nature of love often reduces discourse of love to a thought-terminating cliché. Several common proverbs regard love, from Virgil's "Love conquers all" to The Beatles' "All You Need Is Love". St. Thomas Aquinas, following Aristotle, defines love as "to will the good of another." Bertrand Russell describes love as a condition of "absolute value," as opposed to relative value. Philosopher Gottfried Leibniz said that love is "to be delighted by the happiness of another." Meher Baba stated that in love there is a "feeling of unity" and an "active appreciation of the intrinsic worth of the object of love." Biologist Jeremy Griffith defines love as "unconditional selflessness".
Impersonal 
People can be said to love an object, principle, or goal to which they are deeply committed and greatly value. For example, compassionate outreach and volunteer workers' "love" of their cause may sometimes be born not of interpersonal love but impersonal love, altruism, and strong spiritual or political convictions. People can also "love" material objects, animals, or activities if they invest themselves in bonding or otherwise identifying with those things. If sexual passion is also involved, then this feeling is called paraphilia.
Interpersonal 
Interpersonal love refers to love between human beings. It is a much more potent sentiment than a simple liking for a person. Unrequited love refers to those feelings of love that are not reciprocated. Interpersonal love is most closely associated with Interpersonal relationships. Helen Fisher, an anthropologist and human behavior researcher, divides the experience of love into three partly overlapping stages: lust, attraction, and attachment. Lust is the feeling of sexual desire; romantic attraction determines what partners mates find attractive and pursue, conserving time and energy by choosing; and attachment involves sharing a home, parental duties, mutual defense, and in humans involves feelings of safety and security. Three distinct neural circuitries, including neurotransmitters, and three behavioral patterns, are associated with these three romantic styles.
Since the lust and attraction stages are both considered temporary, a third stage is needed to account for long-term relationships. Attachment is the bonding that promotes relationships lasting for many years and even decades. Attachment is generally based on commitments such as marriage and children, or mutual friendship based on things like shared interests. It has been linked to higher levels of the chemicals oxytocin and vasopressin to a greater degree than short-term relationships have.
Psychological basis 
Psychology depicts love as a cognitive and social phenomenon. Psychologist Robert Sternberg formulated a triangular theory of love and argued that love has three different components: intimacy, commitment, and passion. Intimacy is a form in which two people share confidences and various details of their personal lives, and is usually shown in friendships and romantic love affairs. Commitment, on the other hand, is the expectation that the relationship is permanent. The last form of love is sexual attraction and passion. Passionate love is shown in infatuation as well as romantic love. All forms of love are viewed as varying combinations of these three components. Non-love does not include any of these components. Liking only includes intimacy. Infatuated love only includes passion. Empty love only includes commitment. Romantic love includes both intimacy and passion. Companionate love includes intimacy and commitment. Fatuous love includes passion and commitment. Lastly, consummate love includes all three components. American psychologist Zick Rubin sought to define love by psychometrics in the 1970s. His work states that three factors constitute love: attachment, caring, and intimacy.
Following developments in electrical theories such as Coulomb's law, which showed that positive and negative charges attract, analogs in human life were developed, such as "opposites attract". Over the last century, research on the nature of human mating has generally found this not to be true when it comes to character and personality—people tend to like people similar to themselves. However, in a few unusual and specific domains, such as immune systems, it seems that humans prefer others who are unlike themselves, since this will lead to a baby that has the best of both worlds. In recent years, various human bonding theories have been developed, described in terms of attachments, ties, bonds, and affinities.
Some Western authorities disaggregate into two main components, the altruistic and the narcissistic. This view is represented in the works of Scott Peck, whose work in the field of applied psychology explored the definitions of love and evil. Peck maintains that love is a combination of the "concern for the spiritual growth of another," and simple narcissism. In combination, love is an activity, not simply a feeling.
Psychologist Erich Fromm maintained in his book The Art of Loving that love is not merely a feeling but is also actions, and that in fact, the "feeling" of love is superficial in comparison to one's commitment to love via a series of loving actions over time. Another factor may be that sexually transmitted diseases can cause, among other effects, permanently reduced fertility, injury to the fetus, and increase complications during childbirth. This would favor monogamous relationships over polygamy.
Adaptive benefit 
Interpersonal love between a male and a female is considered to provide an evolutionary adaptive benefit since it facilitates mating and sexual reproduction. However, some organisms can reproduce asexually without mating. Thus understanding the adaptive benefit of interpersonal love depends on understanding the adaptive benefit of sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction. Michod Modern authors have distinguished further varieties of romantic love. However, with Greek, it has been historically difficult to separate the meanings of these words totally. At the same time, the Ancient Greek text of the Bible has examples of the verb agapo having the same meaning as phileo.
Agape means love in modern-day Greek. The term s'agapo means I love you in Greek. The word agapo is the verb I love. It generally refers to a "pure," ideal type of love, rather than the physical attraction suggested by eros. However, there are some examples of agape used to mean the same as eros. It has also been translated as "love of the soul."
Eros is passionate love, with sensual desire and longing. The Greek word erota means in love. Plato refined his own definition. Although eros is initially felt for a person, with contemplation it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or even becomes appreciation of beauty itself. Eros helps the soul recall knowledge of beauty and contributes to an understanding of spiritual truth. Lovers and philosophers are all inspired to seek truth by eros. Some translations list it as "love of the body". It includes loyalty to friends, family, and community, and requires virtue, equality, and familiarity. Philia is motivated by practical reasons; one or both of the parties benefit from the relationship. It can also mean "love of the mind."
Storge is natural affection, like that felt by parents for offspring.
Xenia, hospitality, was an extremely important practice in ancient Greece. It was an almost ritualized friendship formed between a host and his guest, who could previously have been strangers. The host fed and provided quarters for the guest, who was expected to repay only with gratitude. The importance of this can be seen throughout Greek mythology—in particular, Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
Ancient Roman 
The Latin language has several different verbs corresponding to the English word "love." amō is the basic verb meaning I love, with the infinitive amare as it still is in Italian today. The Romans used it both in an affectionate sense as well as in a romantic or sexual sense. From this verb come amans—a lover, amator, "professional lover," often with the accessory notion of lechery—and amica, "girlfriend" in the English sense, often being applied euphemistically to a prostitute. The corresponding noun is amor, which is also used in the plural form to indicate love affairs or sexual adventures. This same root also produces amicus—"friend"—and amicitia, "friendship". Cicero wrote a treatise called On Friendship, which discusses the notion at some length. Ovid wrote a guide to dating called Ars Amatoria, which addresses, in depth, everything from extramarital affairs to overprotective parents.
Latin sometimes uses amāre where English would simply say to like. This notion, however, is much more generally expressed in Latin by the terms placere or delectāre, which are used more colloquially, the latter used frequently in the love poetry of Catullus. Diligere often has the notion "to be affectionate for," "to esteem," and rarely if ever is used for romantic love. This word would be appropriate to describe the friendship of two men. The corresponding noun diligentia, however, has the meaning of "diligence" or "carefulness," and has little semantic overlap with the verb. Observare is a synonym for diligere; despite the cognate with English, this verb and its corresponding noun, observantia, often denote "esteem" or "affection." Caritas is used in Latin translations of the Christian Bible to mean "charitable love"; this meaning, however, is not found in Classical pagan Roman literature. As it arises from a conflation with a Greek word, there is no corresponding verb.
Chinese and other Sinic 
Two philosophical underpinnings of love exist in the Chinese tradition, one from Confucianism which emphasized actions and duty while the other came from Mohism which championed a universal love. A core concept to Confucianism is, which focuses on duty, action, and attitude in a relationship rather than love itself. In Confucianism, one displays benevolent love by performing actions such as filial piety from children, kindness from parents, loyalty to the king and so forth.
The concept of 愛 was developed by the Chinese philosopher Mozi in the 4th century BC in reaction to Confucianism's benevolent love. Mozi tried to replace what he considered to be the long-entrenched Chinese over-attachment to family and clan structures with the concept of "universal love". In this, he argued directly against Confucians who believed that it was natural and correct for people to care about different people in different degrees. Mozi, by contrast, believed people in principle should care for all people equally. Mohism stressed that rather than adopting different attitudes towards different people, love should be unconditional and offered to everyone without regard to reciprocation; not just to friends, family and other Confucian relations. Later in Chinese Buddhism, the term Ai was adopted to refer to a passionate, caring love and was considered a fundamental desire. In Buddhism, Ai was seen as capable of being either selfish or selfless, the latter being a key element towards enlightenment.
In Mandarin Chinese, is often used as the equivalent of the Western concept of love. is used as both a verb and a noun. However, due to the influence of Confucian, the phrase 我愛你 carries with it a very specific sense of responsibility, commitment and loyalty. Instead of frequently saying "I love you" as in some Western societies, the Chinese are more likely to express feelings of affection in a more casual way. Consequently, "I like you" is a more common way of expressing affection in Mandarin; it is more playful and less serious. This is also true in Japanese.
Japanese 
The Japanese language uses three words to convey the English equivalent of "love". Because "love" covers a wide range of emotions and behavioral phenomena, there are nuances distinguishing the three terms. The term which is often associated with maternal love However, the term also refers to any sensory enjoyment, emotional attraction and aesthetic pleasure such as from arts, dance, music, painting, sculpture and nature.
The concept of kama is found in some of the earliest known verses in Vedas. For example, Book 10 of Rig Veda describes the creation of the universe from nothing by the great heat. There in hymn 129, it states:
Persian 
Rumi, Hafiz,and Sa'di are icons of the passion and love that the Persian culture and language present. The Persian word for love is Ishq, which is derived from Arabic language; however, it is considered by most to be too stalwart a term for interpersonal love and is more commonly substituted for "doost dashtan". In the Persian culture, everything is encompassed by love and all is for love, starting from loving friends and family, husbands and wives, and eventually reaching the divine love that is the ultimate goal in life.
Religious views 
Abrahamic 
Judaism 
In Hebrew, אהבה is the most commonly used term for both interpersonal love and love between God and God's creations. Chesed, often translated as loving-kindness, is used to describe many forms of love between human beings.
The commandment to love other people is given in the Torah, which states, "Love your neighbor like yourself". The Torah's commandment to love God "with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your might" is taken by the Mishnah to refer to good deeds, willingness to sacrifice one's life rather than commit certain serious transgressions, willingness to sacrifice all of one's possessions, and being grateful to the Lord despite adversity. Rabbinic literature differs as to how this love can be developed, e.g., by contemplating divine deeds or witnessing the marvels of nature.
As for love between marital partners, this is deemed an essential ingredient to life: "See life with the wife you love". Rabbi David Wolpe writes that "...love is not only about the feelings of the lover...It is when one person believes in another person and shows it." He further states that "...love...is a feeling that expresses itself in action. What we really feel is reflected in what we do." The biblical book Song of Solomon is considered a romantically phrased metaphor of love between God and his people, but in its plain reading, reads like a love song. The 20th-century rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler is frequently quoted as defining love from the Jewish point of view as "giving without expecting to take".
Christianity 
The Christian understanding is that love comes from God, who is himself Love. The love of man and woman—eros in Greek—and the unselfish love of others, are often contrasted as "descending" and "ascending" love, respectively, but are ultimately the same thing.
There are several Greek words for "love" that are regularly referred to in Christian circles.
Agape: In the New Testament, agapē is charitable, selfless, altruistic, and unconditional. It is parental love, seen as creating goodness in the world; it is the way God is seen to love humanity, and it is seen as the kind of love that Christians aspire to have for one another.
The Apostle John wrote, "For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through him." John also wrote, "Dear friends, let us love one another for love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God. Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love."
Saint Augustine wrote that one must be able to decipher the difference between love and lust. Lust, according to Saint Augustine, is an overindulgence, but to love and be loved is what he has sought for his entire life. He even says, "I was in love with love." Finally, he does fall in love and is loved back, by God. Saint Augustine says the only one who can love you truly and fully is God, because love with a human only allows for flaws such as "jealousy, suspicion, fear, anger, and contention." According to Saint Augustine, to love God is "to attain the peace which is yours." 
Augustine regards the duplex commandment of love in Matthew 22 as the heart of Christian faith and the interpretation of the Bible. After the review of Christian doctrine, Augustine treats the problem of love in terms of use and enjoyment until the end of Book I of De Doctrina Christiana.
Christian theologians see God as the source of love, which is mirrored in humans and their own loving relationships. Influential Christian theologian C. S. Lewis wrote a book called The Four Loves. Benedict XVI named his first encyclical God is love. He said that a human being, created in the image of God, who is love, is able to practice love; to give himself to God and others and by receiving and experiencing God's love in contemplation. This life of love, according to him, is the life of the saints such as Teresa of Calcutta and Mary, the mother of Jesus and is the direction Christians take when they believe that God loves them. And so, in the analysis of a Catholic theologian, for Pope Francis, "the key to love...is not our activity. It is the activity of the greatest, and the source, of all the powers in the universe: God's."
In Christianity the practical definition of love is summarised by Thomas Aquinas, who defined love as "to will the good of another," or to desire for another to succeed.
Do not forget to love with forgiveness, Christ saved an adulterous woman from those who would stone her. A world of wronged hypocrites needs forgiving love. Mosaic Law would hold Deuteronomy 22:22-24 "If a man is found lying with a woman married to a husband, then both of them shall die—the man that lay with the woman, and the woman; so you shall put away the evil from Israel. If a young woman who is a virgin is betrothed to a husband, and a man finds her in the city and lies with her, then you shall bring them both out to the gate of that city, and you shall stone them to death with stones, the young woman because she did not cry out in the city, and the man because he humbled his neighbor's wife; so you shall put away the evil from among you."
Tertullian wrote regarding love for enemies: "Our individual, extraordinary, and perfect goodness consists in loving our enemies. To love one's friends is common practice, to love one's enemies only among Christians."
Islam 
Love encompasses the Islamic view of life as universal brotherhood that applies to all who hold faith. Amongst the 99 names of God, there is the name Al-Wadud, or "the Loving One," which is found in Surah as well as Surah. God is also referenced at the beginning of every chapter in the Qur'an as Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim, or the "Most Compassionate" and the "Most Merciful", indicating that nobody is more loving, compassionate and benevolent than God. The Qur'an refers to God as being "full of loving kindness."
The Qur'an exhorts Muslim believers to treat all people, those who have not persecuted them, with birr or "deep kindness" as stated in Surah. Birr is also used by the Qur'an in describing the love and kindness that children must show to their parents.
Ishq, or divine love, is the emphasis of Sufism in the Islamic tradition. Practitioners of Sufism believe that love is a projection of the essence of God to the universe. God desires to recognize beauty, and as if one looks at a mirror to see oneself, God "looks" at himself within the dynamics of nature. Since everything is a reflection of God, the school of Sufism practices seeing the beauty inside the apparently ugly. Sufism is often referred to as the religion of love. God in Sufism is referred to in three main terms, which are the Lover, Loved, and Beloved, with the last of these terms being often seen in Sufi poetry. A common viewpoint of Sufism is that through love, humankind can get back to its inherent purity and grace. The saints of Sufism are infamous for being "drunk" due to their love of God; hence, the constant reference to wine in Sufi poetry and music.
Bahá'í Faith 
In his Paris Talks, `Abdu'l-Bahá described four types of love: the love that flows from God to human beings; the love that flows from human beings to God; the love of God towards the Self or Identity of God; and the love of human beings for human beings.
Indian Buddhism 
In Buddhism, Kāma is sensuous, sexual love. It is an obstacle on the path to enlightenment, since it is selfish. Karuṇā is compassion and mercy, which reduces the suffering of others. It is complementary to wisdom and is necessary for enlightenment. Adveṣa and mettā are benevolent love. This love is unconditional and requires considerable self-acceptance. This is quite different from ordinary love, which is usually about attachment and sex and which rarely occurs without self-interest. Instead, in Buddhism it refers to detachment and unselfish interest in others' welfare.
The Bodhisattva ideal in Mahayana Buddhism involves the complete renunciation of oneself in order to take on the burden of a suffering world.
Hinduism 
In Hinduism, kāma is pleasurable, sexual love, personified by the god Kamadeva. For many Hindu schools, it is the third end in life. Kamadeva is often pictured holding a bow of sugar cane and an arrow of flowers; he may ride upon a great parrot. He is usually accompanied by his consort Rati and his companion Vasanta, lord of the spring season. Stone images of Kamadeva and Rati can be seen on the door of the Chennakeshava temple at Belur, in Karnataka, India. Maara is another name for kāma.
In contrast to kāma, prema – or prem – refers to elevated love. Karuna is compassion and mercy, which impels one to help reduce the suffering of others. Bhakti is a Sanskrit term, meaning "loving devotion to the supreme God." A person who practices bhakti is called a bhakta. Hindu writers, theologians, and philosophers have distinguished nine forms of bhakti, which can be found in the Bhagavata Purana and works by Tulsidas. The philosophical work Narada Bhakti Sutras, written by an unknown author, distinguishes eleven forms of love.
In certain Vaishnava sects within Hinduism, attaining unadulterated, unconditional and incessant love for Godhead is considered the foremost goal of life. Gaudiya Vaishnavas who worship Krishna as the Supreme Personality of Godhead and the cause of all causes consider Love for Godhead to act in two ways: sambhoga and vipralambha —two opposites.
In the condition of separation, there is an acute yearning for being with the beloved and in the condition of union, there is supreme happiness and nectarean. Gaudiya Vaishnavas consider that Krishna-prema is not fire but that it still burns away one's material desires. They consider that Kṛṣṇa-prema is not a weapon, but it still pierces the heart. It is not water, but it washes away everything—one's pride, religious rules, and one's shyness. Krishna-prema is considered to make one drown in the ocean of transcendental ecstasy and pleasure. The love of Radha, a cowherd girl, for Krishna is often cited as the supreme example of love for Godhead by Gaudiya Vaishnavas. Radha is considered to be the internal potency of Krishna, and is the supreme lover of Godhead. Her example of love is considered to be beyond the understanding of material realm as it surpasses any form of selfish love or lust that is visible in the material world. The reciprocal love between Radha and Krishna is the subject of many poetic compositions in India such as the Gita Govinda and Hari Bhakti Shuddhodhaya.
In the Bhakti tradition within Hinduism, it is believed that execution of devotional service to God leads to the development of Love for God, and as love for God increases in the heart, the more one becomes free from material contamination. Being perfectly in love with God or Krishna makes one perfectly free from material contamination. and this is the ultimate way of salvation or liberation. In this tradition, salvation or liberation is considered inferior to love, and just an incidental by-product. Being absorbed in Love for God is considered to be the perfection of life.
Political views 
Free love 
The term "free love" has been used to describe a social movement that rejects marriage, which is seen as a form of social bondage. The Free Love movement's initial goal was to separate the state from sexual matters such as marriage, birth control, and adultery. It claimed that such issues were the concern of the people involved, and no one else.
Many people in the early 19th century believed that marriage was an important aspect of life to "fulfill earthly human happiness." Middle-class Americans wanted the home to be a place of stability in an uncertain world. This mentality created a vision of strongly defined gender roles, which provoked the advancement of the free love movement as a contrast.
The term "sex radical" has been used interchangeably with the term "free lover". By whatever name, advocates had two strong beliefs: opposition to the idea of forceful sexual activity in a relationship and advocacy for a woman to use her body in any way that she pleases. These are also beliefs of Feminism.
Philosophical views 
The philosophy of love is a field of social philosophy and ethics that attempts to explain the nature of love. The philosophical investigation of love includes the tasks of distinguishing between the various kinds of personal love, asking if and how love is or can be justified, asking what the value of love is, and what impact love has on the autonomy of both the lover and the beloved.
0 notes
rafooabood · 2 years
Link
A stock market, equity market, or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks, which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include securities listed on a public stock exchange, as well as stock that is only traded privately, such as shares of private companies which are sold to investors through equity crowdfunding platforms. Investment is usually made with an investment strategy in mind.
Stocks can be categorized by the country where the company is domiciled. For example, Nestlé and Novartis are domiciled in Switzerland and traded on the SIX Swiss Exchange, so they may be considered as part of the Swiss stock market, although the stocks may also be traded on exchanges in other countries, for example, as American depositary receipts on U.S. stock markets.
Size of the markets
The total market capitalization of all publicly traded securities worldwide rose from US$2.5 trillion in 1980 to US$93.7 trillion at the end of 2020.
there are 60 stock exchanges in the world. Of these, there are 16 exchanges with a market capitalization of $1 trillion or more, and they account for 87% of global market capitalization. Apart from the Australian Securities Exchange, these 16 exchanges are all in North America, Europe, or Asia.
By country, the largest stock markets as of January 2021 are in the United States of America, followed by Japan and China.
Stock exchange 
A stock exchange is an exchange where stockbrokers and traders can buy and sell shares, bonds, and other securities. Many large companies have their stocks listed on a stock exchange. This makes the stock more liquid and thus more attractive to many investors. The exchange may also act as a guarantor of settlement. These and other stocks may also be traded "over the counter", that is, through a dealer. Some large companies will have their stock listed on more than one exchange in different countries, so as to attract international investors.
Stock exchanges may also cover other types of securities, such as fixed-interest securities or derivatives, which are more likely to be traded OTC.
Trade in stock markets means the transfer of a stock or security from a seller to a buyer. This requires these two parties to agree on a price. Equities confer an ownership interest in a particular company.
Participants in the stock market range from small individual stock investors to larger investors, who can be based anywhere in the world, and may include banks, insurance companies, pension funds and hedge funds. Their buy or sell orders may be executed on their behalf by a stock exchange trader.
Some exchanges are physical locations where transactions are carried out on a trading floor, by a method known as open outcry. This method is used in some stock exchanges and commodities exchanges, and involves traders shouting bid and offer prices. The other type of stock exchange has a network of computers where trades are made electronically. An example of such an exchange is the NASDAQ.
A potential buyer bids a specific price for a stock, and a potential seller asks a specific price for the same stock. Buying or selling at the Market means you will accept any ask price or bid price for the stock. When the bid and ask prices match, a sale takes place, on a first-come, first-served basis if there are multiple bidders at a given price.
The purpose of a stock exchange is to facilitate the exchange of securities between buyers and sellers, thus providing a marketplace. The exchanges provide real-time trading information on the listed securities, facilitating price discovery.
The New York Stock Exchange is a physical exchange, with a hybrid market for placing orders electronically from any location as well as on the trading floor. Orders executed on the trading floor enter by way of exchange members and flow down to a floor broker, who submits the order electronically to the floor trading post for the Designated market maker for that stock to trade the order. The DMM's job is to maintain a two-sided market, making orders to buy and sell the security when there are no other buyers or sellers. If a bid–ask spread exists, no trade immediately takes place – in this case the DMM may use their own resources to close the difference. Once a trade has been made, the details are reported on the "tape" and sent back to the brokerage firm, which then notifies the investor who placed the order. Computers play an important role, especially for program trading.
The NASDAQ is an electronic exchange, where all of the trading is done over a computer network. The process is similar to the New York Stock Exchange. One or more NASDAQ market makers will always provide a bid and ask the price at which they will always purchase or sell 'their' stock.
The Paris Bourse, now part of Euronext, is an order-driven, electronic stock exchange. It was automated in the late 1980s. Prior to the 1980s, it consisted of an open outcry exchange. Stockbrokers met on the trading floor of the Palais Brongniart. In 1986, the CATS trading system was introduced, and the order matching system was fully automated.
People trading stock will prefer to trade on the most popular exchange since this gives the largest number of potential counter parties and probably the best price. However, there have always been alternatives such as brokers trying to bring parties together to trade outside the exchange. Some third markets that were popular are Instinet, and later Island and Archipelago. One advantage is that this avoids the commissions of the exchange. However, it also has problems such as adverse selection. Financial regulators have probed dark pools.
Market participant 
Market participants include individual retail investors, institutional investors, and also publicly traded corporations trading in their own shares. Robo-advisors, which automate investment for individuals are also major participants.
Demographics of market participation 
Indirect vs. Direct Investment  
Indirect investment involves owning shares indirectly, such as via a mutual fund or an exchange traded fund. Direct investment involves direct ownership of shares.
Direct ownership of stock by individuals rose slightly from 17.8% in 1992 to 17.9% in 2007, with the median value of these holdings rising from $14,778 to $17,000. Indirect participation in the form of retirement accounts rose from 39.3% in 1992 to 52.6% in 2007, with the median value of these accounts more than doubling from $22,000 to $45,000 in that time.
Participation by income and wealth strata  
Rates of participation and the value of holdings differ significantly across strata of income. In the bottom quintile of income, 5.5% of households directly own stock and 10.7% hold stocks indirectly in the form of retirement accounts. Since the Great Recession of 2008 households in the bottom half of the income distribution have lessened their participation rate both directly and indirectly from 53.2% in 2007 to 48.8% in 2013, while over the same period households in the top decile of the income distribution slightly increased participation 91.7% to 92.1%. The mean value of direct and indirect holdings at the bottom half of the income distribution moved slightly downward from $53,800 in 2007 to $53,600 in 2013. Participation rates have been shown to strongly correlate with education levels, promoting the hypothesis that information and transaction costs of market participation are better absorbed by more educated households. Behavioral economists Harrison Hong, Jeffrey Kubik and Jeremy Stein suggest that sociability and participation rates of communities have a statistically significant impact on an individual's decision to participate in the market. Their research indicates that social individuals living in states with higher than average participation rates are 5% more likely to participate than individuals that do not share those characteristics. This phenomenon also explained in cost terms. Knowledge of market functioning diffuses through communities and consequently lowers transaction costs associated with investing.
History 
In 12th-century France, the courtiers de change were concerned with managing and regulating the debts of agricultural communities on behalf of the banks. Because these men also traded with debts, they could be called the first brokers. The Italian historian Lodovico Guicciardini described how, in late 13th-century Bruges, commodity traders gathered outdoors at a market square containing an inn owned by a family called Van der Beurze, and in 1409 they became the "Brugse Beurse", institutionalizing what had been, until then, an informal meeting. The idea quickly spread around Flanders and neighboring countries and "Beurzen" soon opened in Ghent and Rotterdam. International traders, and specially the Italian bankers, present in Bruges since the early 13th-century, took back the word in their countries to define the place for stock market exchange: first the Italians, but soon also the French, the Germans, Russians, Czechs, Swedes, Danes and Norwegians. In most languages the word coincides with that for money bag, dating back to the Latin bursa, from which obviously also derives the name of the Van der Beurse family.
In the middle of the 13th century, Venetian bankers began to trade in government securities. In 1351 the Venetian government outlawed spreading rumors intended to lower the price of government funds. Bankers in Pisa, Verona, Genoa and Florence also began trading in government securities during the 14th century. This was only possible because these were independent city-states not ruled by a duke but a council of influential citizens. Italian companies were also the first to issue shares. Companies in England and the Low Countries followed in the 16th century. Around this time, a joint stock company—one whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders—emerged and became important for colonization of what Europeans called the "New World".
The Dutch East India Company was the first joint-stock company to get a fixed capital stock and as a result, continuous trade in company stock occurred on the Amsterdam Exchange. Soon thereafter, a lively trade in various derivatives, among which options and repos, emerged on the Amsterdam market. Dutch traders also pioneered short selling – a practice which was banned by the Dutch authorities as early as 1610.
There are now stock markets in virtually every developed and most developing economies, with the world's largest markets being in the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, India, China, Canada, Germany, France, South Korea and the Netherlands.
Importance
Function and purpose 
The stock market is one of the most important ways for companies to raise money, along with debt markets which are generally more imposing but do not trade publicly. This allows businesses to be publicly traded, and raise additional financial capital for expansion by selling shares of ownership of the company in a public market. The liquidity that an exchange affords the investors enables their holders to quickly and easily sell securities. This is an attractive feature of investing in stocks, compared to other less liquid investments such as property and other immoveable assets.
History has shown that the price of stocks and other assets is an important part of the dynamics of economic activity, and can influence or be an indicator of social mood. An economy where the stock market is on the rise is considered to be an up-and-coming economy. The stock market is often considered the primary indicator of a country's economic strength and development.
Rising share prices, for instance, tend to be associated with increased business investment and vice versa. Share prices also affect the wealth of households and their consumption. Therefore, central banks tend to keep an eye on the control and behavior of the stock market and, in general, on the smooth operation of financial system functions. Financial stability is the raison d'être of central banks.
Exchanges also act as the clearinghouse for each transaction, meaning that they collect and deliver the shares, and guarantee payment to the seller of a security. This eliminates the risk to an individual buyer or seller that the counterparty could default on the transaction.
The smooth functioning of all these activities facilitates economic growth in that lower costs and enterprise risks promote the production of goods and services as well as possibly employment. In this way the financial system is assumed to contribute to increased prosperity, although some controversy exists as to whether the optimal financial system is bank-based or market-based.
Recent events such as the Global Financial Crisis have prompted a heightened degree of scrutiny of the impact of the structure of stock markets, in particular to the stability of the financial system and the transmission of systemic risk.
Relation to the modern financial system
A transformation is the move to electronic trading to replace human trading of listed securities.
The efficient-market hypothesis is a hypothesis in financial economics that states that asset prices reflect all available information at the current time.
The 'hard' efficient-market hypothesis does not explain the cause of events such as the crash in 1987, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeted 22.6 percent—the largest-ever one-day fall in the United States.
This event demonstrated that share prices can fall dramatically even though no generally agreed upon definite cause has been found: a thorough search failed to detect any 'reasonable' development that might have accounted for the crash. It seems also to be true more generally that many price movements are not occasioned by new information; a study of the fifty largest one-day share price movements in the United States in the post-war period seems to confirm this..
Other research has shown that psychological factors may result in exaggerated stock price movements. Psychological research has demonstrated that people are predisposed to 'seeing' patterns, and often will perceive a pattern in what is, in fact, just noise, e.g. seeing familiar shapes in clouds or ink blots. In the present context, this means that a succession of good news items about a company may lead investors to overreact positively, driving the price up. A period of good returns also boosts the investors' self-confidence, reducing their risk threshold.
Another phenomenon—also from psychology—that works against an objective assessment is group thinking. As social animals, it is not easy to stick to an opinion that differs markedly from that of a majority of the group. An example with which one may be familiar is the reluctance to enter a restaurant that is empty; people generally prefer to have their opinion validated by those of others in the group.
In one paper the authors draw an analogy with gambling. In normal times the market behaves like a game of roulette; the probabilities are known and largely independent of the investment decisions of the different players. In times of market stress, however, the game becomes more like poker. The players now must give heavy weight to the psychology of other investors and how they are likely to react psychologically.
Stock markets play an essential role in growing industries that ultimately affect the economy through transferring available funds from units that have excess funds to those who are suffering from funds deficit . In other words, capital markets facilitate funds movement between the above-mentioned units. This process leads to the enhancement of available financial resources which in turn affects the economic growth positively.
Economic and financial theories argue that stock prices are affected by macroeconomic trends. Macroeconomic trends include such as changes in GDP, unemployment rates, national income, price indices, output, consumption, unemployment, inflation, saving, investment, energy, international trade, immigration, productivity, aging populations, innovations, international finance. increasing corporate profit, increasing profit margins, higher concentration of business, lower company income, less vigorous activity, less progress, lower investment rates, lower productivity growth, less employee share of corporate revenues, decreasing Worker to Beneficiary ratio, increasing female to male ratio college graduates.
Many different academic researchers have stated that companies with low P/E ratios and smaller-sized companies have a tendency to outperform the market. Research has shown that mid-sized companies outperform large cap companies, and smaller companies have higher returns historically.
Irrational behavior 
Sometimes, the market seems to react irrationally to economic or financial news, even if that news is likely to have no real effect on the fundamental value of securities itself. However, this market behaviour may be more apparent than real, since often such news was anticipated, and a counter reaction may occur if the news is better than expected. Therefore, the stock market may be swayed in either direction by press releases, rumors, euphoria and mass panic.
Over the short-term, stocks and other securities can be battered or buoyed by any number of fast market-changing events, making the stock market behavior difficult to predict. Emotions can drive prices up and down, people are generally not as rational as they think, and the reasons for buying and selling are generally accepted.
Behaviorists argue that investors often behave irrationally when making investment decisions thereby incorrectly pricing securities, which causes market inefficiencies, which, in turn, are opportunities to make money. However, the whole notion of EMH is that these non-rational reactions to information cancel out, leaving the prices of stocks rationally determined.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average biggest gain in one day was 936.42 points or 11%.
Crashes 
A stock market crash is often defined as a sharp dip in share prices of stocks listed on the stock exchanges. In parallel with various economic factors, a reason for stock market crashes is also due to panic and investing public's loss of confidence. Often, stock market crashes end speculative economic bubbles.
There have been famous stock market crashes that have ended in the loss of billions of dollars and wealth destruction on a massive scale. An increasing number of people are involved in the stock market, especially since the social security and retirement plans are being increasingly privatized and linked to stocks and bonds and other elements of the market. There have been a number of famous stock market crashes like the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the stock market crash of 1973–4, the Black Monday of 1987, the Dot-com bubble of 2000, and the Stock Market Crash of 2008.
1929 
One of the most famous stock market crashes started October 24, 1929, on Black Thursday. The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 50% during this stock market crash. It was the beginning of the Great Depression.
1987 
Another famous crash took place on October 19, 1987 – Black Monday. The crash began in Hong Kong and quickly spread around the world.
By the end of October, stock markets in Hong Kong had fallen 45.5%, Australia 41.8%, Spain 31%, the United Kingdom 26.4%, the United States 22.68%, and Canada 22.5%. Black Monday itself was the largest one-day percentage decline in stock market history – the Dow Jones fell by 22.6% in a day. The names "Black Monday" and "Black Tuesday" are also used for October 28–29, 1929, which followed Terrible Thursday—the starting day of the stock market crash in 1929.
The crash in 1987 raised some puzzles – main news and events did not predict the catastrophe and visible reasons for the collapse were not identified. This event raised questions about many important assumptions of modern economics, namely, the theory of rational human conduct, the theory of market equilibrium and the efficient-market hypothesis. For some time after the crash, trading in stock exchanges worldwide was halted, since the exchange computers did not perform well owing to enormous quantity of trades being received at one time. This halt in trading allowed the Federal Reserve System and central banks of other countries to take measures to control the spreading of worldwide financial crisis. In the United States the SEC introduced several new measures of control into the stock market in an attempt to prevent a re-occurrence of the events of Black Monday.
2007-2009 
This marked the beginning of the Great Recession. Starting in 2007 and lasting through 2009, financial markets experienced one of the sharpest declines in decades. It was more widespread than just the stock market as well. The housing market, lending market, and even global trade experienced unimaginable decline. Sub-prime lending led to the housing bubble bursting and was made famous by movies like The Big Short where those holding large mortgages were unwittingly falling prey to lenders. This saw banks and major financial institutions completely fail in many cases and took major government intervention to remedy during the period. From October 2007 to March 2009, the S&P 500 fell 57% and wouldn't recover to its 2007 levels until April 2013.
2020 
The 2020 stock market crash was a major and sudden global stock market crash that began on 20 February 2020 and ended on 7 April. This market crash was due to the sudden outbreak of the global pandemic - COVID-19, which ended with a new deal that had a positive impact on the market.
Circuit breakers 
Since the early 1990s, many of the largest exchanges have adopted electronic 'matching engines' to bring together buyers and sellers, replacing the open outcry system. Electronic trading now accounts for the majority of trading in many developed countries. Computer systems were upgraded in the stock exchanges to handle larger trading volumes in a more accurate and controlled manner. The SEC modified the margin requirements in an attempt to lower the volatility of common stocks, stock options and the futures market. The New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange introduced the concept of a circuit breaker. The circuit breaker halts trading if the Dow declines a prescribed number of points for a prescribed amount of time. In February 2012, the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada introduced single-stock circuit breakers.
New York Stock Exchange circuit breakers
Stock market index 
The movements of the prices in global, regional or local markets are captured in price indices called stock market indices, of which there are many, e.g. the S&P, the FTSE,the Euronext indices and the NIFTY & SENSEX of India. Such indices are usually market capitalization weighted, with the weights reflecting the contribution of the stock to the index. The constituents of the index are reviewed frequently to include/exclude stocks in order to reflect the changing business environment.
Derivative instruments 
Financial innovation has brought many new financial instruments whose pay-offs or values depend on the prices of stocks. Some examples are exchange-traded funds, stock index and stock options, equity swaps, single-stock futures, and stock index futures. These last two may be traded on futures exchanges, or traded over-the-counter. As all of these products are only derived from stocks, they are sometimes considered to be traded in a derivatives market, rather than the stock market.
Leveraged strategies 
Stock that a trader does not actually own may be traded using short selling; margin buying may be used to purchase stock with borrowed funds; or, derivatives may be used to control large blocks of stocks for a much smaller amount of money than would be required by outright purchase or sales.
Short selling 
In short selling, the trader borrows stock then sells it on the market, betting that the price will fall. The trader eventually buys back the stock, making money if the price fell in the meantime and losing money if it rose. Exiting a short position by buying back the stock is called "covering". This strategy may also be used by unscrupulous traders in illiquid or thinly traded markets to artificially lower the price of a stock. Hence most markets either prevent short selling or place restrictions on when and how a short sale can occur. The practice of naked shorting is illegal in most stock markets.
Margin buying 
In margin buying, the trader borrows money to buy a stock and hopes for it to rise. Most industrialized countries have regulations that require that if the borrowing is based on collateral from other stocks the trader owns outright, it can be a maximum of a certain percentage of those other stocks' value. In the United States, the margin requirements have been 50% for many years.
A margin call is made if the total value of the investor's account cannot support the loss of the trade. 
Regulation of margin requirements was implemented after the Crash of 1929. Before that, speculators typically only needed to put up as little as 10 percent of the total investment represented by the stocks purchased. Other rules may include the prohibition of free-riding: putting in an order to buy stocks without paying initially, but then selling them and using part of the proceeds to make the original payment.
Types of financial markets 
Financial markets can be divided into different subtypes:
For the assets transferred 
Money market : It is traded with money or financial assets with short-term maturity and high liquidity, generally assets with a term of less than one year.
Capital market : Financial assets with medium and long-term maturity are traded, which are basic for carrying out certain investment processes.
Depending on its structure 
Organized market
Non-organized markets denominated in English.
According to the negotiation phase of financial assets 
Primary market : Financial assets are created. In this market, assets are transmitted directly by their issuer.
Secondary market : Only existing financial assets are exchanged, which were issued at a previous time. This market allows holders of financial assets to sell instruments that were already issued in the primary market and that are in their possession, or to buy other financial assets.
According to the geographical perspective 
National markets. The currency in which the financial assets are denominated and the residence of those involved is national. 
International markets. The markets situated outside a country's geographical area.
According to the type of asset traded 
Traditional market. In which financial assets such as demand deposits, stocks or bonds are traded.
Alternative market. In which alternative financial assets are traded such as portfolio investments, promissory notes, factoring, real estate, in private equity funds, venture capital funds, hedge funds, investment projects among many others.
Other markets 
Commodity markets, which allow the trading of commodities
Derivatives markets, which provide instruments for managing financial risk
Forward markets, which provide standardized forward contracts to trade products at a future date
Insurance markets, which allows the redistribution of varied risks
Foreign exchange market, which allows the exchange of foreign currencies
Investment strategies 
Many strategies can be classified as either fundamental analysis or technical analysis. Fundamental analysis refers to analyzing companies by their financial statements found in SEC filings, business trends, and general economic conditions. Technical analysis studies price actions in markets through the use of charts and quantitative techniques to attempt to forecast price trends based on historical performance, regardless of the company's financial prospects. One example of a technical strategy is the Trend following method, used by John W. Henry and Ed Seykota, which uses price patterns and is also rooted in risk management and diversification.
Additionally, many choose to invest via passive index funds. In this method, one holds a portfolio of the entire stock market or some segment of the stock market. The principal aim of this strategy is to maximize diversification, minimize taxes from realizing gains, and ride the general trend of the stock market to rise.
Responsible investment emphasizes and requires a long-term horizon on the basis of fundamental analysis only, avoiding hazards in the expected return of the investment. Socially responsible investing is another investment preference.
Taxation 
Taxation is a consideration of all investment strategies; profit from owning stocks, including dividends received, is subject to different tax rates depending on the type of security and the holding period. Most profit from stock investing is taxed via a capital gains tax. In many countries, the corporations pay taxes to the government and the shareholders once again pay taxes when they profit from owning the stock, known as "double taxation".
0 notes